2011—2022年烟台市甲型和戊型病毒性肝炎流行特征及人群抗体水平分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in Yantai and analyses of antibody levels,2011-2022

作　　者：张馨心 孙源[1] 张文华 李霞 刘彭翡 陈鹏[1] ZHANG Xin-xin;SUN Yuan;ZHANG Wen-hua;LI Xia;LIU Peng-fei;CHEN Peng(Yantai Center For Disease Control And Prevention,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003 [2]蓬莱区疾病预防控制中心 [3]莱山区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第10期1884-1888,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：烟台市科技局项目(2022MSGY069);中联肝健康促进中心项目(CLH2023-F-HEV-13)。

摘　　要：目的了解2011—2022年烟台市甲型病毒性肝炎(简称甲肝)和戊型病毒性肝炎(简称戊肝)的流行特征及人群抗体水平,为甲肝和戊肝提供防控措施。方法病例相关信息来源于中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统,采用描述性流行病学方法分析烟台市2011—2022年甲肝和戊肝的流行特征。采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取烟台市2个地区开展社区人群甲肝、戊肝抗体水平监测工作。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测方法,检测血清中甲型病毒性肝炎病毒(HAV)、戊型病毒性肝炎病毒(HEV)抗体水平。结果2011—2022年共报告甲肝病例858例,年均发病率为1.01/10万,呈全年散发。戊肝病例3145例,年均发病率为3.72/10万。甲、戊肝炎发病均以冬春季为主,报告病例均主要集中在北部沿海区市。86.48%的甲肝报告发病人群年龄集中在25~69岁,91.86%的戊肝报告发病人群集中在35~79岁。甲肝、戊肝发病以男性和农民为主。共采集600份健康人群血标本,血清HAV IgM和HEV IgM总阳性率均为1.83%,血清HAV IgG和HEV IgG总阳性率分别为85.67%和32%。61~70岁组HAV IgM阳性率(3.9%)最高;70岁以上组HAV IgG阳性率(100%)最高;51~60岁组HEV IgM阳性率(4.21%)最高;70岁以上组HEV IgG阳性率(50%)最高。农民的HAV IgG(92.52%)和HEV IgG(46.26%)阳性率最高,学生的HAV IgM(2.78%)和家务及待业人群HEV IgM(3.17%)阳性率最高。结论2011—2022年烟台市甲肝和戊肝发病率总体仍处于较高水平,HAV IgG和HEV IgG抗体阳性率水平较高,需进一步加大对重点人群的宣传与干预,特别是中老年、男性和农民,开展相关防制工作,降低感染率。Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of hepatitis A and E in Yantai from 2011 to 2022,and to conduct serological research on hepatitis A and hepatitis E in the community population so as to provide data for effective prevention and control of two types of hepatitis.Methods The case-related information came from the monitoring data of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in Yantai City from 2011 to 2022.Two areas in Yantai were selected bymulti-stage random cluster sampling method to carry out monitoring of hepatitis A and hepatitis E antibody levels in community populations.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of anti-hepatitis A virus(HAV)and hepatitis E virus(HEV)antibodies.Results A total of 858 cases of hepatitis A and 3145 cases of hepatitis E were reported from 2011 to 2022.The annual average incidence rate of hepatitis A was 1.01/100000,and the incidence was sporadic throughout the year.The annual average incidence rate of hepatitis E was 3.72/100000.The incidence was mainly in winter and spring.The reported cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were mainly concentrated in the northern coastal areas.86.48%of the reported cases of hepatitis A are 25-69 years old,while 91.86%of the reported cases of hepatitis E were 35-79 years old.The composition of hepatitis A and hepatitis E was mainly men and farmers.A total of 600 blood samples were collected from healthy people,the overall seroprevalence of HAV IgM,HEV IgM,HAV IgG and HEV IgG were 1.83%,85.67%and 32%,respectively.In terms of age,the positive rate of HAV IgM was the highest in 61-70 years old group(3.9%),HAV IgG positive rate in over 70 years old group was the highest,HEV IgM positive rate in 51-60 years old group was the highest(4.21%),and HEV IgG positive rate in over 70 years old group was the highest.Farmers had the highest positive rates of HAV IgG and HEV IgG,while students,househol

关 键 词：甲型病毒性肝炎 戊型病毒性肝炎 流行特征 抗体阳性率 

分 类 号：R512.6[医药卫生—内科学]