低温锂离子电容器研究进展  

Research progress in low-temperature lithium-ion capacitors

作　　者：徐艺 李晨 任祥[1] 张熊 王凯 孙现众[1,2,3,4,5] 马衍伟[2,3,4,5] XU Yi;LI Chen;REN Xiang;ZHANG Xiong;WANG Kai;SUN Xianzhong;MA Yanwei(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology,Qilu Zhongke,Jinan 250013,China;Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology,Jinan 250102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学化学化工学院,济南250022 [2]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [3]齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院,济南250013 [4]山东产业技术研究院,济南250102 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2024年第8期1509-1520,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

摘　　要：锂离子电容器(LIC)采用了双电层电容器(EDLC)正极和锂离子电池(LIB)负极,因而兼具高能量密度、高功率密度和长循环寿命的优势.LIC在储能过程中正极表面发生电荷的可逆吸脱附,负极体相中存在Li+的反复嵌入/脱嵌,在低温环境下由于电解液的黏度、电导率等物化性质发生很大改变,严重影响了LIC中离子的正常运输和电荷转移,导致无法在低温工况下正常运转,限制了其全天候、宽温域的应用.因此改善LIC的低温性能成为现阶段亟待解决的问题,受到了业界的广泛关注.众多研究表明电极材料和电解液之间的相互作用直接决定LIC低温电荷存储的过程,是解决低温环境下LIC能量密度和功率密度低的关键环节.本文从电极材料和电解液两个方面综述了国内外LIC低温性能的研究进展,概述了现阶段低温碳基材料的化学改性、表面修饰、离子嵌入以及新型电极材料的研发,并从电解液的锂盐、溶剂、添加剂三部分出发,介绍了低温工况下电解液各组成部分对LIC性能的影响,对不同改进工艺进行了分类与总结,重点讨论了新型低温添加剂在LIC中的应用,最后总结了新一代低温电解液的研究进展并对具有宽温度工况的下一代LIC提供了初步展望.Recently,lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)have developed rapidly and have been applied in many fields,such as power storage and new energy transportation.LICs utilize the cathode materials of electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).This produces a unique energy storage mechanism different from those of LIBs and EDLCs,i.e.,charge transfer and Li+insertion and desorption.Consequently,LICs combine the advantages of LIBs and EDLCs with high energy density,high power density,and long cycle life.However,because of this unique energy storage protocol,LICs inherit the poor lowtemperature performance of LIBs,severely limiting their widespread application.Sometimes,the electrolyte becomes more viscous or even solidifies,affecting normal ion transportation and charge transfer.An increase in impedance prevents the normal operation of LICs,severely limiting their all-weather applications.Improving the low-temperature performance of LICs has become an urgent issue and has received widespread attention from researchers.Electrodes and electrolytes are the main components of LICs,and numerous studies have shown that their relationship directly determines the energy storage process of LICs at low temperatures.Therefore,this article reviews the recent research progress on the design and fabrication of low-temperature LICs in terms of electrodes and electrolytes.First,the research on key electrode materials for high-performance low-temperature LICs is discussed,including chemical modification,surface modification,ion insertion,and the development of new electrode materials for rapid intercalation of traditional carbon-based materials.Second,the electrolyte system that matches the electrode material is critically reviewed.The fundamental reasons for the poor performance of LICs in low-temperature environments are comprehensively explained from the chemical properties,physical states,and reaction mechanisms,providing a sufficient theoretical basis for searching electrolyte systems wit

关 键 词：储能器件 锂离子电容器 电极材料 电解液 低温性能 

分 类 号：TM538[电气工程—电器]