缓释氮肥对砂姜黑土区夏玉米产量及氮代谢的影响  

Effects of Slow-release N Fertilizer on Summer Maize Yield and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lime Concretion Black Soil

作　　者：邢永锋 许卫猛 魏常敏 宋万友 李桂芝 周文伟 万彦伟 周恩忠 李伟房 徐超峰 陈国立 Xing Yongfeng;Xu Weimeng;Wei Changmin;Song Wanyou;Li Guizhi;Zhou Wenwei;Wan Yanwei;Zhou Enzhong;Li Weifang;Xu Chaofeng;Chen Guoli(Zhoukou Academy of Agricultrual Sciences,Zhoukou,466000)

机构地区：[1]周口市农业科学院,周口466000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第11期3685-3695,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017FYD0101406);河南省现代农业产业技术体系河南省玉米产业技术体系周口综合试验站(HARS-22-02-Z5);2022年省科级研发计划联合基金项目(225101610071)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了明确砂姜黑土区夏玉米氮肥代谢及产量变化,探究缓释氮肥施用范围,本研究以玉米品种‘北青340’及硫包衣尿素为试验材料,设置不施氮肥(C0)、施缓释氮肥70 kg/hm^(2)(C70)、施缓释氮肥140 kg/hm^(2)(C140)、施缓释氮肥210 kg/hm^(2)(C210)、施缓释氮肥280 kg/hm^(2)(C280)5个水平,磷钾肥均按统一标准施用。检测和分析缓释氮肥对砂姜黑土区夏玉米氮素吸收、积累、运转及同化的影响。结果显示,随缓释氮施用量的增加,玉米抽雄期以后,器官氮素吸收、积累、转运、同化量均呈先增后降低的趋势;器官氮素吸收、积累、转运、同化与产量的相关性有差异,与抽雄期-乳熟期氮素积累量、成熟期叶片氮素积累量呈负相关,其他正相关,同时器官氮素积累量及转运量与产量性状存在显著的线性相关关系。以减肥增效为标准,发现210 kg/hm^(2)的缓释氮肥是砂姜黑土区夏玉米较优的施肥量。本研究为砂姜黑土区夏玉米生产减肥增效提供参考。In order to clarify the nitrogen metabolism and changes of yield of summer maize at lime concretion black soil area,the application range of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was explored.The experimental materials for this study were the corn variety'Beiqing 340'and sulfur-coated urea.Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer were set:no nitrogen fertilizer(C0),70 kg/hm²of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(C70),140 kg/hm²of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(C140),210 kg/hm^(2)of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(C210),and 280 kg/hm^(2)of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(C280).Phosphate and potash fertilizers were applied according to a unified standard.The study aimed to test and analyze the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake,accumulation,transportation,and assimilation in summer corn in the lime concretion black soil area.The results showed that with the increase of slow-release nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen uptake,accumulation,transportation,and assimilation of corn organs showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing after the tasseling stage.The correlation between organ nitrogen uptake,accumulation,transportation,assimilation,and yield varied.It was negatively correlated with the nitrogen accumulation during the tasseling to milk stage and the nitrogen accumulation in mature leaves,while positively correlated with other factors.At the same time,there was a significant linear correlation between organ nitrogen accumulation and transportation and yield characteristics.Based on the standard of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency,it was found that 210 kg/hm^(2)of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was the optimal fertilization amount for summer corn in the lime concretion black soil area.This study provides a reference for reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency in the production of summer corn in the lime concretion black soil area.

关 键 词：缓释氮肥 砂姜黑土 夏玉米 氮代谢 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]