禁渔决定主体的法律规定冲突分析及其解决  

Analysis and resolution of the conflict of legal norms on the subject of the decision to fishing ban

作　　者：董传举 王风 DONG Chuanju;WANG Feng(College of Law,Henan Normal University,Henan Xinxiang 453007,China;College of Law,Jiangnan University,Jiangsu Wuxi 214122,China;Research Center on Legal Issues Concerning Agriculture,Countryside and Farmers,Henan Normal University,Henan Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学法学院,河南新乡453007 [2]江南大学法学院,江苏无锡214122 [3]河南师范大学三农法律问题研究中心,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2024年第3期1-9,126,共10页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2023-341);长江流域重点水域禁捕项目(20201112);河南师范大学专业学位研究生课程案例库建设项目(5101159571002)资助。

摘　　要：禁渔对维护水生生物多样性、养护渔业资源和可持续发展具有重要作用,也是推进生态文明建设的重要举措。然而,我国现行《渔业法》《野生动物保护法》《长江保护法》和《乡村振兴促进法》关于禁渔决定主体的规定却不尽一致,这不仅阻碍了禁渔制度的有效实施,也导致非法捕捞水产品罪的定罪问题存在极大争议。本文从立法目的、法律属性、规范性质和冲突处理规则等方面对上述规范间的适用关系进行梳理、分析和阐释。可知,在珍贵、濒危水生野生动物的重要栖息地保护场域,要优先适用作为主体性特别规范的《野生动物保护法》;在长江流域范围内,要优先适用作为流域性特别规范的《长江保护法》;《乡村振兴促进法》虽然涉及禁渔规范决定主体的规定,但该规定与《渔业法》属于衔接性配套适用关系,且与《野生动物保护法》《长江保护法》也存在衔接适用的可能,应优先适用《渔业法》等中的具体法律规定。The fishing ban regulations play an important role in the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity,conservation and sustainable development of fishery resources,and it is also a crucial measure for advancing ecological civilization.However,the current provisions in China's effective laws,including the Fisheries Law,the Wildlife Protection Law,the Yangtze River Protection Law,and the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law have different provisions on the subject of fishery prohibition decision,which not only hinders the effective implementation of the fishery prohibition system but also leads to great controversy on the conviction of the crime of illegal fishery products.Therefore,this article combs,analyzes and explains the applicable relationship between these regulations from the aspects of legislative purpose,legal attribute,normative nature and resolution rules for conflict of legal norms.Based on the analysis,it can be seen that in the protection of significant habitat for rare and endangered aquatic wild animals,the Wildlife Protection Law as a special regulation of subjectivity,should take precedence.In the Yangtze River Basin,the Yangtze River Protection Law,as a regional-specific regulation,should be prioritized.Although the Rural Revitalization and Promotion Law involves the provisions of the authority responsible for setting fishing ban period,it belongs to the connection and supporting application relationship with the Fisheries Law,and there is also the possibility of connection and application with the Wildlife Protection Law and the Yangtze River Protection Law,so specific legal provisions in the Fisheries Law and other relevant laws should be given priority.

关 键 词：禁渔期 决定主体 规范冲突 渔业法 渔业资源养护 

分 类 号：F326.403[经济管理—产业经济]