中国劳动力市场的技能需求——基于技能内容标准划分的测量  

Skill Demand of China’s Labor Market—Measurement Based on the Skill Content Criteria

作　　者：戴恩樑 樊林峰 Dai Enliang;Fan Linfeng(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China;Institute of Economics,Henan Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [2]河南省社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《调研世界》2024年第6期27-40,共14页The World of Survey and Research

摘　　要：本文按照技能内容标准重新划分工作场所的技能,并基于在线招聘数据,测量了我国劳动力市场不同职业、企业、行业和地区的技能需求。研究发现:第一,不论职业、企业、行业和地区类别如何,劳动力市场对非认知技能的需求规模和需求占比都是最大的;第二,健康、认知技能和非认知技能中需求规模和需求占比最大的二级技能指标分别为身体健康、语言表达和外向性;第三,不同职业、企业、行业和地区对一级技能指标的需求具有一致性,但是对二级技能指标的需求存在显著性差异。本文的研究结果为测量劳动力市场的技能需求结构提供了数据支撑,也为减少技能供给与技能需求的错配、预防外部冲击对劳动力市场所造成的冲击提供参考建议。This paper classifies workplace skills according to the skill content criteria and measures the skill demand of different occupations,enterprises,industries and regions in China’s labor market based on online vacancy data.The study finds that:(1)the scale and proportion of demand for non-cognitive skills in the labor market are the largest,regardless of occupation,enterprise,industry,and region category;(2)physical health,speaking skill and extroversion are the skills with the largest demand scale and proportion among the secondary indicators corresponding to health,cognitive skill and non-cognitive skill respectively;(3)different occupations,enterprises,industries and regions have consistent demand for primary skill indicators,but there are significant differences in the demand for secondary skill indicators.The research results of this article provide data for the measurement of the skill demand structure of the labor market,and provide suggestions for reducing the mismatch between skill supply and skill demand and preventing the impact of external shocks on the labor market.

关 键 词：劳动力市场 技能需求 技能要求 招聘数据 

分 类 号：F241.21[经济管理—劳动经济]