2008—2021年北京市房山区麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Fangshan District, Beijing, 2008-2021

作　　者：吴涛[1] 高舒[1] 冯静媛 周伟[1] 辛丹[1] 董瑞强[1] 马淑玲[1] WU Tao;GAO Shu;FENG Jingyuan;ZHOU Wei;XIN Dan;DONG Ruiqiang;MA Shuling(Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心,北京102488

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第5期562-565,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(2016-3-7071)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2008—2021年北京市房山区麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为控制、消除麻疹采取针对性措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对2008—2021年北京市房山区麻疹发病情况进行分析。结果 2008—2021年房山区累计报告麻疹病例498例,年均发病率为3.29/10万。外省户籍年均发病率(4.89/10万)高于本市户籍(2.74/10万)。近5年,麻疹发病率波动在0.00/10万~0.76/10万,发病率呈下降趋势。麻疹发病主要集中在3—5月,占总发病数的66.87%。发病年龄呈双峰分布,<1岁儿童发病最高,发病率为104.54/10万;25~39岁成人发病也较高,发病率为5.37/10万。发病人群以散居儿童、家务及待业和干部为主。≥8月龄麻疹病例中,有免疫史占15.89%,无免疫史占30.32%,免疫史不详占53.79%。8月龄~19岁病例中,本市户籍有免疫史比例高于外省户籍,差异有统计学意义。结论2008—2021年北京市房山区麻疹发病维持在较低水平,及时为适龄儿童建立免疫屏障,鼓励高风险人群接种含麻疹成分疫苗,是控制消除麻疹的有效手段。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of measles in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2008 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for adopting targeted measures to control and eliminate measles.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2008 to 2021.Results A total of 498 measles cases were cumulatively reported in Fangshan District during 2008-2021,with an average annual incidence rate of 3.29/100,000.The average annual incidence rate was higher in residents from other provinces(4.89/100,000)than in local residents(2.74/100,000).The incidence rates of measles in 2017-2021 fluctuated from 0/100,000 to 0.76/100,000,and showed a downward trend.The incidence of measles was mainly concentrated inMarch-May,accounting for 66.87%of the total cases.The age at onset showed a bimodal distribution,with peaks in children under 1 year old(with the incidence rate of 104.54/100,000)and adults aged 25-39 years(with the incidence rate of 5.37/100,000).Most of the cases were scattered children,the unemployed and cadres.Among the measles cases aged≥8 months,15.89%had immunization history,30.32%had no immunization history,and 53.79%had unknown immunization history.Among the cases aged 8 months-19 years,the proportion of cases with immunization history was higher in local permanent residents than in floating population from other provinces,showing a statistically significant difference.Conclusion The incidence of measles in Fangshan District during 2008-2021 remained at a low level.It is an effective way to control and eliminate measles by establishing immune barrier for school-age children and encouraging the vaccination of measles containing vaccine in high-risk groups.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行特征 控制策略 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]