财政政策对城乡不平等的影响——基于涉农贷款增量奖励政策的视角  

The impact of fiscal policy on urban-rural inequality:based on the perspective of incremental reward policy for agricultural loans

作　　者：唐乐 强微 孙世玉 TANG Le;QIANG Wei;SUN Shiyu(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;Research and Publicity Division,Exchange Development&Service Center for Science&Technology Talents of Ministry of Science and Technology,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070 [2]科学技术部科技人才交流开发服务中心调研与宣传处,北京100045

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2024年第2期130-142,共13页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：北京市属高等学校优秀青年人才培育计划项目(BPHR202203170);国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BGL149)。

摘　　要：城乡不平等是我国实现共同富裕面临的主要挑战。2009年,财政部发布了《财政县域金融机构涉农贷款增量奖励资金管理暂行办法》(以下简称涉农贷款增量奖励政策),建立了以财政资金为杠杆的激励机制,引导和激励县域金融机构加大涉农信贷投入,统筹城乡协调发展。利用2004—2018年的省级面板数据和国泰安数据,借助交错型双重差分法估算了涉农贷款增量奖励政策对我国城乡不平等的影响。研究结果表明:(1)涉农贷款增量奖励政策的实施使得城乡收入不平等程度显著下降(泰尔指数下降0.012~0.014,城乡收入比下降11.5%~14.1%),且该效应在欠发达地区更为显著。(2)考虑到政策的动态效应,涉农贷款增量奖励政策实施时间越长,收入差距的缩小幅度越大。(3)涉农贷款增量奖励政策通过提高金融服务可及性、农户固定资产投资水平以及农村劳动力非农就业水平进而缓解城乡收入不平等。(4)涉农贷款增量奖励政策能有效缓解城乡消费不平等。通过实证分析,证实了涉农贷款增量奖励政策有助于缓解城乡收入不平等以及消费不平等,具有一定的政策启示意义。Urban-rural inequality is a major challenge that China must address in order to achieve common prosperity.In 2009,the Ministry of Finance issued its"Interim Measures for the Administration of Incremental Reward Funds for Agricultural Loans of County-level Financial Institutions",which establishes an incentive mechanism leveraged by financial funds and that guides and incentivizes the county's financial institutions to increase their investment in agricultural credits and to advance the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.This paper uses provincial panel and CSMAR data from 2004 to 2018 to estimate the impact of the incremental reward policy for agricultural loans on China's urban-rural inequality using a staggered difference-in-differences approach.The results show the following:(1)The implementation of the incremental reward policy for agricultural loans has significantly reduced urban-rural income inequality(with the Theil index falling by 0.012~0.014 and the urban-rural income ratio falling by 11.5%~14.1%);this effect is more significant in underdeveloped regions.(2)Considering its dynamic effects,the longer the policy is in effect,the greater the reduction in the income gap.(3)The implementation of the incremental reward policy for agricultural loans alleviates urban-rural income inequality by improving the accessibility of financial services,the level of investment in fixed assets by farm households,and the level of non-farm employment of rural labor.(4)The implementation of the policy of incremental rewards for agricultural loans can effectively alleviate urban-rural consumption inequality.Through empirical analysis,it has been confirmed that the incremental reward policy for agricultural loans helps alleviate urban-rural income inequality and consumption inequality,which has certain policy implications.

关 键 词：涉农贷款增量奖励政策 城乡收入不平等 城乡消费不平等 交错型双重差分法 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]