数据财产权强制执行论  

Theory of Enforcement of Data Property Rights

作　　者：陈爱飞 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院 [2]中南财经政法大学数字法治研究院

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第3期70-83,共14页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“数据财产权强制执行论”(2722023DD005)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在数据交易日益频繁的背景下,以数据资源要素为基础衍生出一种新型的数据财产权。“数据二十条”从国家政策层面确立了我国在数据确权问题上“淡化所有权、强化使用权”的基本立场,以及“三权分置”的数据产权制度框架。相较于实体法中数据确权研究的蓬勃之态,我国与数据财产权强制执行相关的程序法理论研究与法律法规却极为薄弱。一般而言,确认数据财产在流通交易中的权属关系,是数据交易与数据财产权强制执行的实体法要件,执行标的适格则是其程序法要件。就数据财产权的执行模式而言,无论是对于数据财产权的金钱债权执行、物之交付请求权执行,还是行为请求权的执行,依然是参照传统财产权理论与规范。我国应遵循实体法上的数据确权基本方向,尝试在既有规范与经验的基础上,从数据财产权强制执行的规范依据、执行措施的适用、评估与变价、豁免执行,以及整合与完善全国统一的数据交易市场等方面建构数据财产权强制执行体系。The traditional property right norms recognize that the right holder has various forms of property rights and interests in data resources,such as the right holder of the data property right enjoys the right of direct domination and relative exclusivity over specific data.In the context of increasingly frequent data transactions,a new type of data property right is being derived based on the elements of data resources.From the national policy level,the Twenty Articles on Data"has established China's basic stance of"downplaying ownership and strengthening the right to use"on the issue of data rights,as well as the data property right system framework of"three rights of separation".The framework of the data property rights system is the"separation of the three rights".Compared with the vigorous research on data rights in substantive law,the theoretical research and laws and regulations on procedural law related to the enforcement of data property rights in China are extremely weak.Both the lack of a normative basis for the enforcement of data property rights and the lack of appropriate enforcement theory will cause serious obstacles to the subsequent judicial practice of data property rights dispute resolution and the realization of rights.Therefore,the study of data property rights should not only focus on the field of substantive law but whether and how to enforce data property is also a key concern.First of all,because the traditional property rights theory is already difficult to deal with the situation of data property rights protection and enforcement,it is urgent to build a new data property rights theory and institutional system.In the theoretical evidence of data property rights enforcement,confirming the ownership of data property in the circulation of the transaction is the data transaction and data property rights enforcement of substantive law,the subject matter of the enforcement of the suitability of its procedural law.In the future,China's"Civil Enforcement Law"'and related data laws and regulations

关 键 词：数据财产权 数据确权 执行标的适格 责任财产 强制执行 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]