个人破产失权和复权制度的反思与建构  

Reflection and Construction of the System of Loss of Right and Restoration of Right in Personal Bankruptcy

作　　者：高泓 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学营商环境法治研究中心

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第3期135-147,共13页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“个人破产立法重大问题研究”(20BFX126)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：个人破产失权和复权关乎自然人法律人格的圆满与否。在制度层面上,个人破产的失权和复权制度是个人破产法律制度的重要组成部分,其存在理论和实践上的正当性。从立法模式而言,个人破产失权应采取裁判形成模式,由法院在综合分析债务人具体情况的基础上决定是否施以失权惩戒。个人破产复权在选择混合复权模式,在明确几种当然复权类型的基础上由法院具体判断是否允许债务人复权。从具体规则而言,个人破产失权制度应当明确失权的权利限制类型和失权持续期限,个人破产复权制度则应当明确复权的具体条件和复权程序。同时,应构建相应的信用机制、责任追究机制,设立个人破产事务管理机构,保障个人破产失权和复权制度的具体实施。The system of loss of right and recovery of right in personal bankruptcy,as one of the few systems that still remain after the baptism of modern human rights thought in personal bankruptcy system,embodies the doctrine of punishment in bankruptcy and maintains the perfection of legal personality,plays an irreplaceable and important role in the legal system of personal bankruptcy.It is reasonable to construct the system of personal bankruptcy loss and recovery of rights.Personal bankruptcy system can guide the debtor's behavior,protect the interests of creditors,repair the social credit system,effectively guard against the abuse of personal bankruptcy system,and improve the level of development of market economy.The personal bankruptcy recovery system can encourage the debtor to be reborn as soon as possible,while protecting the debtor's human rights and balancing the interests of the debtor and creditors.At present,the study of China's personal bankruptcy system is gradually deepening,and the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China is also in the process of revision.As an important part of the personal bankruptcy system,the system of loss and recovery of rights of personal bankruptcy is urgent to be constructed systematically.As far as the legislative model is concerned,the personal bankruptcy forfeiture mode is formed by judgment,and the court decides whether to impose forfeiture punishment on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the specific situation of the debtor.The individual bankruptcy recovery of right chooses the mixed recovery right mode,and the court decides whether to allow the debtor's recovery right on the basis of clarifying several types of natural recovery right.In terms of specific rules,the types of loss of right of personal bankruptcy system should include the restriction of personal right and economic right,and at the same time provide the corresponding protection clauses,allowing judges to make corresponding restrictions on the rights of debtors according to the specific

关 键 词：个人破产 失权制度 复权制度 信用恢复 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]