基于比赛需求的足球技术能力测试方法创新设计与实证检验  

Innovative Design and Empirical Verification of Football Skill Test Based on the Requirement of Match

作　　者：王法鹏 李春满[1] 高胜杰 李翔[1] 张先达 WANG Fapeng;LI Chunman;GAO Shengjie;LI Xiang;ZHANG Xianda(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第3期3-13,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:以现行足球技术能力测试存在的问题为依据,从比赛需求角度出发,依据体育测量与评价设计原则和程序,设计一种综合足球技术能力测试(comprehensive football skill test,CFST),验证其信度和效度,并初步制定评分标准。方法:采用文献资料调研法构建设计依据;采用测试法对U17和U20共155名男子非守门员球员进行测试,并结合问卷调查法和数理统计法验证测试方法的信度和效度。结果:CFST前两次测试间存在一定程度学习效应,之后几次测试间不再存在学习效应;4次测试之间的重测相关性(r=0.50~0.84,ICC=0.43~0.82)和重测一致性(SEM%=1.69~9.40,RLOA=0.91~1.02×/÷1.05~1.27)良好;CFST涵盖比赛常用足球技术,各测试子项目相互独立。一级球员整体表现显著优于二级和无等级球员(P<0.01);不同训练年限球员整体表现存在显著差异(P<0.01);U17与U20球员整体表现不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:CFST具有中到强相关的重测相关性和良好的重测一致性,能较准确反映受试者的技术能力水平;CFST具有良好的内容效度和结构效度,测试内容全面,符合比赛需求,能够有效区分不同水平球员。Objective:To design a comprehensive football skill test(CFST)verify the reliability and validity,and establish a preliminary scoring standard,based on the problems existing in the current football skill tests,from the perspective of the requirement of football matches and according to the designing principles and procedures of sports measurement and evaluation.Methods:The literature method was used to establish designing basis;the reliability and validity were verified by testing 155 male outfield players of U17 and U20,using the questionnaire survey and the mathematical statistics as meanwhile.Results:Learning effect existed moderately between the first two tests of CFST,and then it no longer existed;test-retest correlation was strong(r=0.50~0.84,ICC=0.43~0.82)and test-retest consistency(SEM%=1.69~9.40,RLOA=0.91~1.02×/÷1.05~1.27)was acceptable.CFST covers football technical skills which performed commonly in matches and sub-tests were independent of each other;the overall test performance of first-level players was significantly better than that of second-level and non-level players(P<0.01);the overall performance of players with different training years had significant difference(P<0.01)and no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed between U17 and U20 players.Conclusions:CFST has a medium to high test-retest correlation and tight test-retest consistency,which can accurately reflect the skill level of the tester.CFST has good content validity,and construct validity,and the test content is comprehensive,which is more in line with the needs of football matches,CFST can effectively distinguish players at different levels.

关 键 词：足球 技术 测试 信度 效度 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]