高熵金属材料在氢环境中的脆性行为研究进展  

Research Progress on the Brittle Behaviour of High-entropy Metal Materials in Hydrogen Environment

作　　者：李泽君 宋洁[2,3] 徐桂芝 郝文魁 骆鸿 LI Zejun;SONG Jie;XU Guizhi;HAO Wenkui;LUO Hong(University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology,State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102209,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083 [2]华北电力大学,北京102206 [3]国网智能电网研究院有限公司先进输电技术国家重点实验室,北京102209

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第11期21-34,58,共15页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52071014)。

摘　　要：氢脆广泛发生于各种金属及合金材料中,氢脆存在隐蔽性和时间滞后性,一旦发生往往带来灾难性事故,制约了金属材料在极端工况环境下的应用。研究发现,一些高熵合金(HEA)或多主元合金在力学性能、耐蚀性、抗氢脆性能等方面表现出超越传统合金材料(如钢、镍基合金、铝合金等)的性能特点,有望成为极端恶劣工况环境下装备用材料。在此基础上,对氢脆的机理和抗氢脆多主元合金领域的研究进展进行了综述。首先介绍了氢脆的概念,并梳理了几种金属氢脆机理,包括氢压理论、氢致局部塑性变形、氢增强解离、氢增强应变诱导空位、纳米空位聚合、氢促进位错发射等。随后,结合慢应变速率拉伸实验结果,梳理了影响多主元合金(尤其是高熵合金)抗氢脆性能的因素,包括氢含量、合金元素、微观结构、制备工艺、热处理工艺和实验条件等。最后,结合影响多主元合金抗氢脆性能的因素,提出通过优化制备工艺、改善热处理工艺和调整元素含量来提高CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的抗氢脆性能,以及采用机器学习辅助开发新的抗氢脆多主元合金的观点,可为抗氢脆材料的研发提供参考。Hydrogen embrittlement occurs in a wide range of metal materials,and its invisibility and time lag often lead to catastrophic accidents,restricting the application of metal materials in extreme working conditions.Multi-principal-element alloys or high-entropy alloys have broken through the traditional alloy design concept and become a hot spot in the field of new metal materials.It is found that some high-entropy alloys or multi-principal-element alloys possess excellent properties beyond those of traditional alloys or are comparable to traditional alloys,such as ultra-high strength and ductility matching,heat resistance,corrosion resistance,and hydrogen embrittlement resistance,which are expected to be used in extreme working conditions.The work aims to introduce the theoretical mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement and review the research progress of hydrogen-embrittlement-resistant multi-principal-element alloys.Starting from the concept of hydrogen embrittlement,the mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement were introduced,including hydrogen pressure theory,hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism,hydrogen-enhanced de-cohesion mechanism,hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancies,nanovoid coalescence,and adsorption-induced dislocation emission.Based on the two theories of hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism and hydrogen-enhanced de-cohesion mechanism,the factors affecting the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of multi-principal-element alloys were discussed.The factors affecting the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of multi-principal-element alloys include hydrogen content,alloying elements,microstructure,preparation process,heat treatment processes,and experimental conditions.The effect of hydrogen content on the mechanical properties of multi-principal-element alloys is mainly manifested in two aspects:on the one hand,when the hydrogen content exceeds the critical hydrogen concentration of the material,it is easy to induce hydrogen embrittlement of multi-principal-element alloys,resulting in

关 键 词：氢脆 氢脆机理 高熵合金 多主元合金 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG139[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]