微纳结构表面防冰研究进展  

Advances in Surface Anti-icing of Micro-nano Structures

作　　者：周嘉鑫 李理[1] 张彤 范思远 孙阔 王璐[1] 张景然 王作斌[1] ZHOU Jiaxin;LI Li;ZHANG Tong;FAN Siyuan;SUN Kuo;WANG Lu;ZHANG Jingran;WANG Zuobin(International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学国家纳米操纵与制造国际联合研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第11期100-116,共17页Surface Technology

基　　金：吉林省科技厅自然基金(20220402024G)。

摘　　要：首先从冰的2种形成机理-均相成核和非均相成核进行了阐述,并介绍了液体在固体表面上的润湿现象。在此基础上,根据微纳结构防冰机理,分别综述了在固体表面结冰的前、中、后不同时期的最新防冰除冰策略。结冰前,借助液滴的脱落和自除预防固体表面结冰;结冰时,可通过延长冰的冻结时间,延缓冰在固体表面上的覆盖;结冰后,降低冰在固体表面的附着力,使之更易脱离固体表面,达到防冰除冰的需求。最后,对于如何提高微纳结构表面的耐久性进行了总结,对有关这些问题的最新研究成果进行了归纳和讨论,并对今后微纳结构表面防冰除冰的研究进行了展望。Icing is a natural phenomenon,and the accumulation of ice on solid surfaces can cause catastrophic events and loss of life and property,and road icing can cause traffic accidents and casualties.Ice accumulation of power lines causes the power system to fail to operate normally;Ice buildup on aircraft body can disturb airflow on wings and other surfaces,reduce lift and increase drag,and bring flight risks.When a large amount of ice accumulates on the surface of the fan blade,the unbalanced load of the unit increases,and the wind energy utilization coefficient of the unit is reduced,resulting in a decrease in power generation.And in serious cases,the wind turbine can not be started normally.The anti-icing and deicing of solid surfaces are essential,and the deicing methods are divided into active deicing and passive deicing.Active deicing methods include electrothermal method,gas thermal method,chemical method,mechanical or manual method.Such methods can not fundamentally solve the problem of ice accumulation,and low efficiency,high energy consumption,high cost,but also bring pollution to the environment.These shortcomings of active deicing methods seriously hinder their wide application and further development.Ice formation is a phase transition process from supercooled liquid water to ice.Hydrophilic materials are easily wet by water,and water droplets are easy to form ice on such solid surfaces.And most engineering materials are hydrophilic,so making the solid surface less attached to droplets is a key technology to prevent ice accumulation.The lotus effect was discovered in the 1970s by observing the natural phenomenon of water rolling freely from the surface of a lotus leaf.Inspired by more natural plants and animals,researchers have begun to create artificial superhydrophobic surfaces,which have micro and nano structures as a more economical,efficient and environmentally friendly passive anti-icing strategy.In order to explore the effective deicing method of solid surfaces,the two formation mechanisms of ice,h

关 键 词：超疏水 微纳结构 防冰表面 被动防冰方法 耐久性 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]