秦汉公文书传达的“报”“重”“追”制——以里耶秦简三枚洞庭郡守礼书简为中心  

The“Bao”,“Chong”and“Zhui”System in Qin and Han Official Documents Transmission:A Focus on Three Documents Issued by the Magistrate Li of Dongting Prefecture in the Liye Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：杨振红[1] Yang Zhenhong

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2024年第3期33-45,129,130,F0003,共16页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“秦汉三国简牍经济史料汇编与研究”(19ZDA196)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公文书传达制度是古代王朝政令下达、政情上传以维持统治的有效保障。秦汉简牍中包含大量官府往来文书,但学界长期以来对公文书的回复、重要公文书的反复下达、公文书的追索回复等制度认识不一。里耶秦简J1(16)5、J1(16)6、9-2283均源于秦始皇二十七年二月庚寅(十五日)洞庭郡守礼所下文书。这三枚简反映了郡守礼就违反传送委输令的处理问题连续三天下发文书至迁陵县尉的往来过程:J1(16)6记录三月十一日迁陵县廷向县尉传达郡守礼第二次下书;J1(16)5记录三月十三日迁陵县廷追问县尉是否收到郡守礼第一次下书;9-2283记录三月十六日迁陵县廷向县尉传达郡守礼第三次下书,并回复酉阳县所传郡守礼书已收到。“报”是回复之义,“重”是就同一事务重复发送文书,“追”是为了追索回复而重新发送文书。The system of official documents transmission was aneffective guarantee for the ancient dynasties to issue orders and maintain control over political situations.The Qin and Han bamboo slips contain a large number of official documents exchanged between government offices.However,there has been a long-standing debate in the academic community regarding the understanding of the system for replies to official documents,repeated issuance of important documents,and the retrieval of replies.The Liye Qin bamboo slips,J1(16)5,J1(16)6,and 9-2283,all originated from documents issued by the magistrate Li of Dongting prefecture in the 27th year of Qin Shihuang on February 15.These three slips reflected the continuous process of the magistrate Li of Dongting prefecture issuing documents to the commandant of Qianlingg county for three consecutive days regarding the handling of violations of the transmission of orders.J1(16)6 recorded the transmission of the magistrate Li of Dongting Prefecture's second document from the Qianling county court to the county commandant on March 11.J1(16)5 recorded the inquiry from the Qianling county court to the county commandant on March 13 about the receipt of the magistrate Li of Dongting prefecture's first document.9-2283 recorded the transmission from the Qianling county court to the county commandant on March 16 of the magistrate Li of Dongting prefecture's third document,along with a reply confirming the receipt of the magistrate Li of Dongting prefecture's document from Youyang county."Bao"indicates the act of responding,"Chong"signifies the repeated sending of documents on the same matter,and"Zhui"inidicates the reissuance of documents in order to retrieve a response.

关 键 词：公文书传达 里耶秦简 报 重 追 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]