全球治理转型与中国对全球治理的观念公共产品供给  

The Transformation of Global Governancee and China's Provision of Ideational Public Goods

作　　者：赵洋[1] ZHAO Yang

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2024年第3期81-97,128,共18页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA14)。

摘　　要：共商共建共享治理理念是中国为全球治理贡献的重要观念公共产品。它强调治理主体之间的平等地位,各国之间通过协商来应对全球治理中的各类风险与挑战,以及各国共同参与全球治理实践,因而有助于破解当前困扰着国际社会的全球治理赤字难题。在实践中,中国主要是通过同国际组织或制度的互动来向国际社会传递共商共建共享的内涵,进而促使相关组织或制度接受这一理念。中国在这种互动中扮演了“智慧型领导”的角色,即引导国际组织的成员以共商共建共享理念为基础,克服在全球治理中阻碍各国采取一致行动的各类困境。这就改变了传统理论单纯将国家看作是被国际组织所社会化,进而接受国际组织所倡导的各类观念或规范的观点。国家同国际组织或制度之间的关系并不像传统观点认识的那样仅仅是“学生”同“教师”的关系,国家也并不仅仅是被动地接受国际组织所倡导的观念或从国际组织那里学习,而是可以将自身的观念传递给国际组织,促使国际组织转变行为模式。通过中国的实践,联合国等机构在其决议中采纳了共商共建共享理念,使这一理念初步成为指导各国参与全球治理活动的观念公共产品。"Extensive Consultation,Joint Contribution,and Shared Benefits"is an important ideational public good provided by China to global governancewhich is valuablefor overcoming the problem ofglobal governance deficit.This idea put emphasis on the equality among the participants of global governance,insisting that all the country should take their obligations in global governance and deal with the challenges by deliberation.In practice,China mainly sent the meaning of"Extensive Consultation,Joint Contribution,and Shared Benefits"to international society by interaction with international organizations or institutions.During such interactions,China could be considered as a"leader of wisdom",which guided members of international organizations to overcome the dilemmas in collective actions on the basis of"Extensive ConsultationJoint Contribution,and Shared Benefits".This fact changed the traditional idea that a state could only be socialized by an international organization and then accepted the ideas or norms advocated by this organization.The relationship between a state and an international organization or institution was no longer only analogous to that between"a student"and"a teacher",and a state could transmit its ideas to the organization and promote the transformation of the organization's conduct,rather than passively accepting the ideas from or learning from the organization.Through China's active practice,some institutions such as the United Nations adopted Extensive Consultation,Joint Contribution,and Shared Benefits in their resolutions,which meant that this idea came to be an indispensable ideational public good for the states to participate in global governance.

关 键 词：全球治理 信任赤字 共商共建共享 “一带一路” 国际组织 规范改进 公共产品 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]