价值链功能升级与中国出口贸易隐含碳减排:基于引资质量提升视角  

Functional Upgrading of Value Chains and the Carbon Emissions Reduction Embodied in China's Exports:From the Perspective of the Improvement in the FDI Quality

作　　者：陈福中[1] 罗科 董康银 CHEN Fuzhong;LUO Ke;DONG Kangyin(University of International Business and Economics,100029)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院,100029

出　　处：《财贸经济》2024年第5期159-176,共18页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金一般项目“北京数字经济与实体经济融合发展研究”(23JB009)。

摘　　要：提升外资质量助力价值链功能升级,是中国制造业实现低碳高质量发展的重要抓手。本文将价值链功能分工因素纳入贸易与环境污染分析模型,基于2003一2018年每笔在华制造业绿地投资项目从事的功能活动数据构造价值链上下游功能分工专业化指数,理论阐释并实证检验了由外资质量提升驱动的价值链功能升级对中国出口贸易隐含碳的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,价值链功能升级可以显著减少中国出口贸易隐含碳。机制分析显示,由外资质量提升驱动的价值链功能升级主要通过要素结构优化效应、人力资本积累效应和服务需求创造效应等渠道发挥对中国出口贸易隐含碳的减排作用。进一步研究发现,从事上游功能活动、来自发达国家(地区)和流入中国东部地区的高质量外资对出口贸易隐含碳的抑制作用更明显。同时,价值链功能升级更有利于削减中间品出口形成的、流向发达国家(地区)和污染密集型制造业的贸易隐含碳水平本文验证了高质量外资的“污染光环”效应,为新形势下中国以更大力度吸引和利用外资、推进高水平对外开放提供了有力支撑。The functional division of value chains shaped by Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)is related to profit distribution,and profoundly affects the distribution of environmental pollution.Therefore,functional upgrading of value chains by improving the FDI quality is important for China to achieve low-carbon and high-quality development in the manufacturing sector.However,previous studies mainly examined the influence of FDI amount on environmental pollution in China,with the implicit assumption of the homogeneity of FDI,thus making it difficult to accurately discern the environmental effects generated by the improved FDI quality.To fill in this gap,this paper introduces the functional division of value chains into the framework of trade and environmental pollution model,and uses the functional activity data of each greenfield investment project in Chinese manufacturing sector from 2003 to 2018 in the fDi Markets database to construct the functional specialization index that focuses on upstream and downstream activities of Global Value Chains(GVCs).It then calculates the carbon emissions embodied in China's exports based on the OECD inputoutput data to reflect the environmental cost of embedding GVCs,and empirically investigates the effect of functional upgrading on the carbon emissions embodied in China's manufacturing exports.The findings are as follows.Functional upgrading of value chains can significantly reduce the carbon emissions embodied in China's manufacturing exports.This conclusion holds valid after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism test shows that functional upgrading of value chains driven by the improved FDI quality can optimize the input factor structure,accumulate advanced human capital,and create more demand for services,thereby reducing the carbon emissions embodied in China's manufacturing exports.Extended analysis finds that high-quality FDI engaged in upstream functional activities,from developed countries(regions)and flowing into eastern China,has a more obvious inhibitory effect on the ca

关 键 词：价值链功能升级 绿地投资 外资质量 出口贸易隐含碳 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]