试点政策的可错性与可推广性——一个关于政策试验“盆景化”的解释框架  

The Fallibility and Extensibility of Policy:a Framework for Explaining Why Policy Experiments Evolve into Bonsai

作　　者：冯川 Feng Chuan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,湖北省武汉市430071 [2]武汉大学地方政治研究中心,湖北省武汉市430071

出　　处：《政治学研究》2024年第2期206-219,M0009,共15页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：政策试验作为一种决策方法,在推动很多重大改革走向成功的同时,也存在“盆景化”的可能。“盆景化”的试点经验契合中央关切,显示出足以吸引外界关注的政策景观,释放出足以引起上级政府注意的绩效信号,然而极度缺乏可推广性。在“可错性-可推广性”的解释框架下,政策试验“盆景化”的关键原因在于试点过程中政策可错性的消失。政策试验的“试对”逻辑直接造成试点制度的项目化,以至于地方政府为了获得试点认证而围绕不具有可复制性的本地特殊性进行亮点包装。非试点地区学习“盆景化”试点经验的结果,往往是在试点地区亮点包装行为的刺激下卷入造点竞赛的行为逻辑。将这些“点”上的“盆景”经验机械移植到非试点地区,必然造成经验错配和制度空转。As a decision⁃making method,policy experimentation has the potential to achieve significant reforms while facing the risk of limited extensibility.The transformation of pilot experiences into bonsai⁃like outcomes aligns with the concerns of the central government and generates performance signals that capture higher⁃level attention,but it lacks sufficient extensibility.Within the framework of“fallibility⁃extensibility,”this issue primarily arises from the absence of policy fallibility during the pilot process.The notion of an“inerrable”logic in policy experimentation directly leads to a project⁃oriented system instead of a pilot system,prompting local governments to emphasize their unique characteristics for certification as pilots by superiors.However,transferring these non⁃replicable experiences to non⁃pilot areas inevitably results in experience mismatch and institutional stagnation.

关 键 词：政策试验 试点制度 政策扩散 政策可推广性 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]