海峡殖民地的普通法塑造(1826—1869)——以“神主”案为线索  

Translating Sin-chew:the Foundation of Common Law in the Straits Settlements

作　　者：史庆 Shi Qing(Peking University Law School)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2024年第3期96-110,M0005,M0006,共17页Open Times

摘　　要：自海峡殖民地建立以来,英国殖民政府长期委托华人领袖管理当地华人社群。华人领袖蔡沧浪在遗嘱中要求通过英国信托制度永久履行“神主”仪式,而该仪式与华人秘密会社有直接关联。1857年,法官麦克科斯兰判决认定殖民地法律不干涉此宗教仪式。从1857年起,帝国殖民地的一系列冲突深化了加强殖民地法治建设的“文明化使命”思想,而海峡殖民地的开发以及全球产业分工链的形成也使得殖民政府认为有必要加强对华人秘密会社的管制。首席法官麦克斯韦尔于1869年重审此案,判决以普通法为依据,将禁止永久管业规则适用于该案,反映了普通法制度与全球资本网络的关联。Since the establishment of the Straits Settlements,the British colonial government has entrusted Chinese community leaders to control the Chinese community.As a leader of Chinese society,Choa Chong Long made his will requiring for the permanent performance of the“Sin-chew”ceremony according to the British trust mechanism,while Chinese also connected“Sin-chew”directly to the symbol of Chinese secret societies for a long time.In 1857,Recorder Richard McCausland made a judgment that the colonial law should not interfere with this religious ceremony.However,a series of conflicts happened in the British Empire since 1857 deepened the idea of“Civilization Mission”to strengthen rule of law in colony.The development of the Straits Settlements and the formation of global industrial value chains also made the colonial government consider it necessary to intensify the control of Chinese secret societies.Chief Justice Benson Maxwell re-examined Choa’s testament in 1869.Based upon the rule of common law,his judgment applied the Mortmain Statutes to“Sin-chew”ceremony,which unveils a solid connection between the common law precedent system and the web of global capital.

关 键 词：海峡殖民地 普通法 神主 禁止永久管业 判例法 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]