“吾心安处是我家”:农村养老机构中老人的本体安全和生存焦虑  

Where is My“Home”: the Ontological Security and Existential Anxiety of the Elderly in Rural NursingInstitutions

作　　者：郭琦 肖瑛[1] 王东晖 符佳佳 Guo Qi;Xiao Ying;Wang Donghui;Fu Jiajia(School of Sociology and Political Science,Shanghai University)

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2024年第2期172-189,M0008,共19页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“文明比较与中国社会理论的早期构建研究”(项目编号:22VRC097)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,“养老”进入农民的生活词典并蜕变为他们的生存焦虑和农村治理关注点。既有农村养老研究多忽视老人的真实需求及背后的深层次观念。S县各类型养老机构的兴起,跟三农“政策丛”以及该县的政策落实策略密切关联。在该县不同养老机构中,老人的感受和行动各有不同:老年公寓的老人普遍声称是主动选择的,专业化养老机构的老人迷离于本体安全,“看不得”的乡镇敬老院的老人的生存焦虑程度相对较低。上述不同体受,根源于不同机构与老人深层次的家观念的契合程度。所谓“家”,既指儿孙满堂的大家庭,又指分家后的核心家庭。家人、房屋和家园三者构成老人的总体性家观念,也是其所渴望的自由的温床。离家越近,自由感越强,本体安全越稳固,反之则滋生生存焦虑。In recent years,“elderly care”has entered the consciousness of Chinese peasants and rapidly morphed into the core of their anxiety and the focus of rural social governance.Existing studies on rural old-age care ignore the real needs of rural elderly people and the root idea behind these needs.In the investigation of the elderly care institutions in S county of Z Province,the researchers found that the rise of different types of elderly care institutions was not only related to the county government’s attention to the elderly,but also caused by the redistribution of residential land,the centralized reconstruction projects of rural housing and the copying of urban housing patterns into rural areas.In different nursing institutions,the adaptability of the elderly people is different,and they generally admit that they choose the elderly self-service apartment on their own.Specialized nursing institutions are the most difficult space for the seniors to adapt to.Town-run nursing institutions intentionally or unintentionally copy rural life scenes in order to reduce costs,but at the expense of the senior people’s adaptability to them.The different adaptive performances of the senior people in different nursing institutions are indicators of how well their deep-seated idea and corresponding needs are satisfied by the space,system and service arrangement of different nursing institutions.This idea is the deep-rooted concept of“home”,which not only refers to the large family with flourishing descendants,but also to their own“nuclear family”after they separated themselves from their children.The“family”,the“house”and the“homeland”constitute the rural old people’s overall“home”idea and the source of their“freedom”.The closer the old people are to their“home”,the stronger their sense of freedom and the greater their ontological security.The farther the old people are from their“home”,the less freedom they feel and the more severe their existential anxiety is.

关 键 词：农村老人 家 养老机构 本体安全 生存焦虑 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]