环叙事:沙村疯癫故事中的山神信仰与非疾痛经验  

A Narrative Loop:Belief in Mountain Deity and Non-Illness Experience in the Lunatic Stories from Sha Village

作　　者：嘉日姆几 Jiarimuji

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学法学与社会学学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2024年第2期206-223,M0009,共19页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“凉山彝族对精神障碍患者的仪式治疗研究”(项目编号:19ASH013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章结合民族志与现象学方法,通过对沙村疯癫故事的还原呈现其围绕山神信仰展开的疾痛叙事环,从经验和逻辑层面解析环叙事所蕴含的非疾痛经验,并得出以下研究结论:首先,凯博文关于“躯体化”的疾痛叙事并不能完全解释中国人对于精神疾病的认识,中国的少数民族地区和农村有着大量非“躯体化”疾痛叙事;其次,凯博文所关注的疾痛叙事侧重于以身体为中心的个体叙事,并没有将以人的社会性和代际性为中心的群体叙事和整体叙事标识出来,而沙村的疯癫环叙事则将个体、群体和整体叙事组织成一个层次分明的闭合环;最后,凯博文由于没有甄别出精神障碍患者有别于其他慢性病患者的失忆性,忽略了对与其相关的失忆结构、日常化、叙事环等重要非疾痛经验的考察,它们对于维持精神障碍患者的正常生活意义重大。Combining ethnographic and phenomenological methods,this paper presents the narrative of illness and pain around the belief in mountain deity through the restoration of the lunatic story from Sha Village.An empirical and logical analysis of the non-illness experience contained in the narrative brings about the following conclusions.First,Arthur Kleinman’s illness narrative of“somatization”cannot fully explain Chinese understanding of mental illness,because there are a large number of non-somatization illness narratives in China’s ethnic minority areas and rural areas.Secondly,Kleinman’s narrative of illness focuses on individual narratives,with the body as the centre,and does not mark group narratives and holistic narratives centered on the social and inter-generational nature of people.In contrast,the lunatic stories from Sha Village organize individual,group and holistic narratives into a closed loop with clearly defined hierarchy.Lastly,Kleinman does not identifying the characteristics of amnesia caused by mental illness from other chronic illnesses,and he fails to give examination to the non-illness experiences such as amnesiatic structure,routinization,narrative loop,etc.,which have critical importance for the daily life of patients with mental disorders.

关 键 词：“凯博文命题” 疯癫故事 山神信仰 非疾痛经验 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]