重申刑法谦抑主义——兼对反思论的辩驳  

Reaffirming the Doctrine of Modesty of Criminal Law-Also a Refutation of the Reflection Theory

作　　者：石聚航 Shi Juhang

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2024年第3期66-80,共15页Global Law Review

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“刑法交互解释研究”(19FFXB037)的研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来反思刑法谦抑主义的观点日渐流行。然而,反思论无论在立场还是具体观点和理由上均有偏颇。谦抑主义既非宏大叙事更不是刑法虚无主义。刑法满足现实社会需求并非判断刑法合理性的唯一标准,刑法的固有属性和刑法理论适度的批判性决定了谦抑主义并未过时,用比例原则替代谦抑主义并不可行。谦抑主义不仅没有被滥用,反而存在贯彻不利的困境,社会治理现代化下的犯罪治理无法导出立法克减谦抑的结论。将谦抑主义还原为罪刑法定原则下的子原则会矮化谦抑主义。在立法活性化时代,前置法划定的违法范围是刑法立法增设新罪的边界。谦抑主义下轻罪的立法应当侧重罪名分解以及对欲规制行为与既有罪名关联度的判断。在司法上可从制度性调控和教义学调控两个方面推进非犯罪化的实现。In recent years,China has entered an era of active criminal law legislation.In response to this legislative trend,there has been an upsurge of reflections on the doctrine of modesty of criminal law in the academic circleWhether criminal law can meet the needs of real society is not the only criterion to judge the rationality of criminal law.The inherent attributes of criminal law and the moderate criticism of criminal law theory determine that the doctrine of modesty is not outdated.The criminal law legislation in China still has the problem of excessive criminalization.It is not appropriate to impose criminal penalties for behaviors with low necessity of punishment or to impose a heavy penalty for a minor crime.There are many similarities between the modesty doctrine and the proportionality principle,such as legitimacy,rationality,appropriateness and necessity,so there is no need to establish a set of proportionality principles in addition to the doctrine of modesty of criminal law.The doctrine of modesty of criminal law is not abused in China.On the one hand,criticisms of the existing provisions and practices guided by the doctrine of modesty help improve criminal law legislation.On the other hand,adherence to the doctrine of modesty can prevent the criminalization of behaviors that do not warrant punishment.At present,there are still problems in the actual operation of public power.In the face of deviant behaviors,once the legislation becomes irrational,legislators always have reasons and the ability to criminalize such behaviors.Under such circumstances,the restriction on public power based on the doctrine of modesty is not only necessary but also timely.Criminal governance under the modernization of social governance cannot lead to the conclusion that criminal law legislation reduces the modesty of criminal law.The emphasis of the modernization of social governance should be multidimensional crime prevention rather than active intervention by criminal law.In the modernization of social governance,the nature

关 键 词：谦抑主义 非犯罪化 罪刑法定原则 刑事政策 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]