贵州省农田地膜残留现状及污染防治对策  

Status of Farmland Plastic Film Residue and Pollution Control Countermeasures in Guizhou Province

作　　者：代良羽 高维常 杨松花 刘俊聪 陈竹 刘涛泽 DAI Liangyu;GAO Weichang;YANG Songhua;LIU Juncong;CHEN Zhu;LIU Taoze(Guizhou Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou,China;Bijie Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China;College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业生态与资源保护站,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳550081 [3]毕节市农业生态环境与资源保护站,贵州毕节551700 [4]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [5]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农学学报》2024年第5期40-46,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点研发项目“山地烟区覆膜栽培‘减量、回收、替代’绿色低碳技术研发与应用”(110202202030);贵州省科技计划项目“微塑料污染评估及其对菜田土壤镉生物有效性的影响机制”(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般045);贵州省烟草科学研究院科技项目“烟草农田试验科学设计与管理策略研究”(GZYKY2022-05);贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目“毕节烟草生物降解地膜降解筛选评价、创制与应用”(毕烟科[2022]64号)。

摘　　要：随着地膜使用年限的不断增加,农田地膜大量残留造成的“白色污染”不但严重影响农田土壤质量和农业生产,同时也对农村生态环境安全构成巨大的威胁。本研究通过中国农村统计年鉴和调查点,分析了2001—2021年地膜使用量和覆膜面积的变化特征,2019—2022年省调查点地膜的残留现状及回收情况,并提出增强农民环保意识,建设地膜回收利用体系,强化监测评价,完善地膜残留监测网络等防治对策,研究结果为贵州省农田地膜的科学使用和回收利用提供了数据支撑,为残留污染的防控提供了参考依据,促进了农业绿色高质量发展。With the increasing years of plastic mulch usage,the"white pollution"caused by its massive residues has significantly deteriorated farmland soil quality and agricultural production,posing a substantial threat to rural ecological safety.This study analyzes the changing trends of plastic mulch usage and covered area from 2001-2021,and the status and recycling of mulch residues from 2019-2022 based on data from China's Rural Statistical Yearbook and fixed-point monitoring.It suggests enhancing farmers'environmental awareness,establishing a mulch recycling system,strengthening monitoring and evaluation,and improving the mulch residue monitoring network.The findings provide data support for the scientific use and recycling of farmland plastic mulch in Guizhou Province and serve as a reference for residue pollution control,fostering high-quality green agricultural development.

关 键 词：贵州省 地膜残留 地膜污染 污染防治对策 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X71