黑臭水体疏浚底泥耦合生物质材料协同好氧堆肥中试  

PILOT STUDY ON THE SYNERGISTIC AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF BLACK-ODOR WATER DREDGING SEDIMENT COUPLED WITH BIOMASS MATERIALS

作　　者：宋楚轩 唐文英[2] 罗双雪 旷阁 张伟[1,3] 周乐安 高阳 袁雨菲[1,3] 孙士权 SONG Chuxuan;TANG Wenying;LUO Shuangxue;KUANG Ge;ZHANG Wei;ZHOU Lean;GAO Yang;YUAN Yufei;SUN Shiquan(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Transportation Construction Cost Management Station,Department of Transportation of Hunan Province,Changsha 410016,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,长沙410114 [2]湖南省交通运输厅交通建设造价管理站,长沙410016 [3]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第3期138-146,共9页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0105600);国家自然科学基金项目(42207337,52200185);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40482,2022JJ40507,2021JJ40562,2021JJ40606);湖南省交通科技项目(202034);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2019SK2191)

摘　　要：采用不同比例的麸皮和发酵青草等生物质材料耦合黑臭水体疏浚底泥进行好氧堆肥中试试验。针对实际工程产生的疏浚底泥,探究适宜比例的调理剂投加配比。设置不同物料配比的对照组2组(CK0、CK1)、试验组5组(T1—T5)进行中试试验,通过理化性质、种子发芽率等指标检测揭示不同原料配比对底泥好氧堆肥过程中堆肥性能的影响。结果表明:堆肥初期,含水率控制在50%左右,C/N控制在25~35,1 d后各堆体温度均超过50℃,各组高温期(温度>55℃)维持时间超过5 d,均符合HJ 1266—2022《生物质废物堆肥污染控制技术规范》标准要求。堆肥过程中,堆体升温速率和最高温度随着生物质材料添加量的增加呈递增趋势,其中T1和T2组的最高温度均超过70℃并维持24 h以上,这证明将麸皮和发酵青草2种生物质材料按适宜比例混合作为调理剂能够促进堆体快速发酵;堆肥结束后,各组挥发分含量稳定在20%~30%,含水率为7%~16%,pH值为8.15~8.30,各组种子发芽指数(GI)均>140%。其中,T2组固氮作用最显著、堆肥品质最优。因此,在实际生产中,按m(疏浚底泥)∶m(发酵青草)∶m(麸皮)=400∶125∶125进行好氧发酵堆肥,可显著降低物料生物毒性并产生高肥效种植土。Different proportions of bran and fermented grass were applied to aerobically compost the dredged sediment from the black smelly water bodies.A total of seven groups of piles were set up according to different conditioning agent dosages for pilot tests,and the effects of different raw material ratios on the physical and chemical properties of the piles during aerobic composting were revealed by testing the physical and chemical properties,seed germination rate and other indicators.The results showed that:at the beginning of composting,the moisture content was controlled between 50%and 55%,and C/N was controlled between 25 and 35,the temperature of each pile exceeded 50℃after 1 d,and the high temperature period(temperature>55℃)was maintained for more than 5 d in each group.After the composting process,the volatile fraction of each group was stable at 20%to 30%,the water content was about 7%to 16%,and the pH value was about 8.15 to 8.30.The seed germination index(GI)of each group was greater than 140%,among which the T2 group had a significant nitrogen fixation effect and the best compost quality.Its performance indicators such as texture,pH,conductivity,organic matter content,soil infiltration rate,cation exchange amount and GI all met the requirements of the specification of Green Planting Soil(CJ/T 340—2016),indicating that the scheme of dredging sediment∶fermented grass∶bran=400∶125∶125 can significantly reduce the biological toxicity of compost materials and produce good high fertility planting soil.

关 键 词：疏浚底泥 好氧堆肥 种植土 生物质材料 资源化利用 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]