新冠肺炎疫情期间疾控人员心理韧性对心理困扰的影响:职业倦怠的中介作用  

Mediating role of burnout in relationship between psychological resilience and psychological distress among CDC staff during COVID-19 pandemic

作　　者：王漪洁 李薇[2] 赵婕[2] 汤檬 刘芬 WANG Yijie;LI Wei;ZHAO Jie;TANG Meng;LIU Fen(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health/Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Academy for Preven-tive Medicine/Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学,公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系/北京市临床流行病学重点实验室,北京100069 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心/北京市预防医学科学院/北京结核病控制研究与防治所,北京100013

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第4期403-410,共8页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：慢性病防治与健康教育科研项目(BJMB0012022028005)。

摘　　要：[背景]疾病预防控制中心工作人员(简称“疾控人员”)在重大传染病时期承担疫情防控工作,因此面临着较高的心理困扰风险。研究发现,心理韧性和职业倦怠是心理困扰的重要影响因素。[目的]探讨疾控人员心理韧性、职业倦怠和心理困扰的现状及作用机制。[方法] 2022年9-10月间,对北京地区全体疾控人员开展横断面调查,共计17个单位(其中市级疾控1个、区级疾控16个)2 228名疾控人员填写问卷。选用基本情况问卷、中文版10条目心理韧性量表、中文版Maslach职业倦怠量表、中文版凯斯勒心理疾患量表对研究对象进行调查。采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析不同特征下心理韧性、职业倦怠和心理困扰得分差异;通过Spearman相关分析三者间相关性;采用多元线性回归分析进行疾控人员心理困扰的影响因素分析;采用R 4.2.0统计分析软件中“mediation包”对心理韧性-职业倦怠-心理困扰的中介效应进行分析,采用Bootstrap法进行验证。[结果]共发放问卷2 228份,有效问卷2 022份,有效率为90.75%。疾控人员心理困扰得分为13.00(8.00,24.00)分,1级、2级、3级、4级心理困扰水平的人数分别为358(17.71%)、546(27.00%)、362(17.90%)、756(37.39%)人。心理韧性得分为24.00(20.00,30.00)分,职业倦怠得分为38.00(25.00,50.00)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,心理韧性、职业倦怠、照顾老人情况、患慢性病情况和月收入是心理困扰的独立影响因素(P <0.05),职业倦怠中的情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落与心理困扰相关(P <0.05)。控制一般人口学特征变量后,中介效应分析结果表明,职业倦怠总分在心理韧性与心理困扰间发挥部分中介效应,中介效应值为–0.439(95%CI:–0.483~–0.397),总中介效应贡献率为60.89%。职业倦怠的两个维度(情绪衰竭、玩世不恭)在心理韧性与心理困扰间发挥部分中介效应,中介效应�[Background]The staff in centers for disease control and prevention(CDC)were at a great risk for psychological distress when they were faced with outbreak-related prevention and control work and routine tasks during the COVID-19 period.Psychological resilience and burnout are two key influencing factors on psychological distress.[Objective]To explore the status and mechanisms of psychological resilience,burnout,and psychological distress among CDC staff.[Methods]From September to October 2022,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in all CDC staff in Beijing,and 2228 CDC staff from 17 units(including 1 municipality-level CDC and 16 district-level CDCs)participated the questionnaire survey.The basic information ques-tionnaire,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-10)Chinese version,Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS)Chinese version,and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(Kessler10)Chinese version were selected in our study.Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analyze the differences in the scores of psychological resilience,burnout,and psychological distress by demographic and sociological characteristics.The correlations among the three elements were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Potential influencing factors of psychological distress of the CDC staff were evaluated by multiple linear regression.A potential mediating effect of psychological resilience-burnout-psychological distress was analyzed by the mediation package of R 4.2.0,and validated by Bootstrap method.[Results]Of 2228 questionnaires distributed,2022 valid questionnaires were collected,and the recovery rate was 90.75%.The median(P 25,P 75)psychological distress score of CDC staff was 13.00(8.00,24.00),and the number of participants with psychological distress levels of 1,2,3,and 4 was 358(17.71%),546(27.00%),362(17.90%),and 756(37.39%),respectively.The median(P 25,P 75)psychological resilience score was 24.00(20.00,30.00)and the median(P 25,P 75)burnout score was 38.00(25.00,50.00).The result

关 键 词：疾病预防控制中心 心理韧性 职业倦怠 心理困扰 影响因素 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]