2022年海南省鼠类监测结果及海口市鼠密度与气象因素关系  

Monitoring results of rodents in Hainan Province in 2022 and the relationship between rodent density and meteorological factors in Haikou

作　　者：曾雪霞 李乔君 刘璞瑜 林怡[3] 刘莹 杨新燕 殷大鹏 鲁英 孙定炜 ZENG Xuexia;LI Qiaojun;LIU Puyu;LIN Yi;LIU Ying;YANG Xinyan;YIN Dapeng;LU Ying;SUN Dingwei(Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine,Hainan Center for Disease Control&Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 571129,China;School of Public Health,Hainan Medical University,Haikou,Hainan 571199,China;Haikou Center for Disease Control&Prevention,Haikou,Hainan 571129,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省预防医学科学院,海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口571129 [2]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海南海口571199 [3]海口市疾病预防控制中心,海南海口571129

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第5期532-536,549,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.821MS0844)。

摘　　要：目的通过分析海南省2022年鼠类监测结果,了解并掌握鼠的种群构成、分布、季节消长以及鼠密度,并探讨海口市的鼠密度与气象因素的相关性,为媒介控制和鼠媒传染病防制提供科学依据。方法采用笼夜法,按照《2022年海南省鼠类监测实施方案》,自2022年1月起每隔2个月对17个市县进行监测。采用Excel 2021软件对监测数据进行整理及图表绘制,使用SPSS 26.0进行统计学分析,鼠密度与气象因素的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析。结果2022年海南省总体鼠密度为4.32%(1166/27008)。以褐家鼠为优势种,其捕获数量占总捕获数的72.21%(842/1166)。从地区来看,昌江县鼠密度最高为27.27%(367/1346),其次为海口、万宁、三亚,鼠密度分别为8.59%(155/1804)、6.55%(77/1176)、5.11%(81/1586)。不同生境类型的鼠密度不同,农村居民区鼠密度最高,为4.49%(402/8962);重点行业(餐饮、食品制售、建筑工地、屠宰、酿造业等)为4.41%(404/9153);城镇居民区为4.05%(360/8893)。季节消长来看,总体鼠密度在5月份达到高峰后,呈现下降趋势。农村居民区鼠密度高峰在7月(5.73%),城镇居民区鼠密度无明显高峰期,重点行业鼠密度高峰期出现在5月(6.87%)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,海口市鼠密度与平均气温、累计日照时间具有正相关性(r=0.90、0.9;P<0.05)。结论海南岛鼠密度相对较高,各市县需根据当地实际情况,对比历年监测数据,合理评估风险,并制定相应的防治措施。Objective By analyzing the monitoring results of rodents in Hainan Province in 2022,the species composition,distribution,seasonal fluctuation,and density of rodents were understood and mastered,and the correlation between rodent density and meteorological factors in Haikou was explored,so as to provide a scientific basis for vector control and prevention and control of rodent-borne infectious diseases.Methods Using the night cage method,according to the"2022 Hainan Province Rodent Monitoring Implementation Plan",monitoring was conducted in 17 cities and counties every two months starting from January.Excel 2021 software was used to sort out the monitoring data and draw the chart,and SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation between rodent density and meteorological factors.Results In 2022,the overall rodent density in Hainan Province was 4.32%(1166/27008).Brown rat(Rattus norvegicus)was the dominant species,accounting for 72.21%(842/1166)of the total captures.In terms of area,the highest rodent density was 27.27%(367/1346)in Changjiang County,followed by Haikou,Wanning,and Sanya,with rodent densities of 8.59%(155/1804),6.55%(77/1176),and 5.11%(81/1586),respectively.Different habitat types had different rodent densities,with the highest in rural residential areas at 4.49%(402/8962);key industries(dining,food manufacturing and sales,construction sites,slaughtering,brewing,etc.)had a density of 4.41%(404/9153);and urban residential areas had a density of 4.05%(360/8893).In terms of seasonal fluctuation,the overall rodent density showed a downward trend after reaching its peak in May.The peak rodent density in rural residential areas was in July(5.73%),there was no distinct peak period in urban residential areas,and the peak period for key industries occurred in May(6.87%).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the rodent density in Haikou was positively correlated with average temperature and accumulated sunshine time(r=0.90,0.9;P<0.05).Conclusions The

关 键 词：鼠密度 监测 气象因素 病媒生物 

分 类 号：R184.35[医药卫生—流行病学]