贵州兴义马岭河流域典型沉积地貌发育与演化  

Development and Evolution of Typical Sedimentary Geomorphology in the Malinghe Valley in Xingyi,Guizhou

作　　者：杨巍 秦媛媛 毛凯楠 YANG Wei;QIN Yuan-yuan;MAO Kai-nan(College of Resouce and Environmental Engineeing,Guizhou Institute of Technology,Guiyang 550003,Guizhou,China;Institute of Carbon Capture Storage and Resource Utilization,Yibin University,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州理工学院资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550003 [2]宜宾学院二氧化碳捕集封存与资源利用研究院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《贵州地质》2024年第2期202-211,共10页Guizhou Geology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础〔2017〕1078,黔科合基础〔2019〕1148,黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般257);贵州理工学院高层次人才科研启动经费项目(XJGC20190946,XJGC20190660)联合资助。

摘　　要：兴义马岭河流域位于贵州三叠纪“S”型沉积相变露头区,沉积地貌类型多样,具有优质的地质遗迹资源开发潜力,但是关于区域地质遗迹成景主控因素研究尚显薄弱。本文基于实地调查,试图分析区内不同岩相结构与溶蚀速率的关联,探讨主要的地表-地下岩溶-侵蚀地貌的发育与演化过程。受控于不同的溶蚀速率,碳酸盐台地及台地边缘相露头区分别形成三类锥状岩溶石峰与两类塔状岩溶石峰,深水陆棚-斜坡带地表地貌则表现为浅-中切割山地。马岭河峡谷具典型地下洞穴伏流-地表岩溶峡谷演化特征,峡谷演化进程受溶蚀-侵蚀-崩塌-钙华堆积等多种地质作用综合影响,空间上箱型谷-嶂谷-宽缓谷依次分布。碳酸盐台地-碳酸盐台地边缘-碎屑斜坡-陆棚沉积分异是区内地貌发育的重要物质基础,差异溶蚀是地质遗迹成景及成片分布的关键。The Malinghe valley in Xingyi is located in the Triassic"S"-type sedimentary facies transition outcrop area in Guizhou.It features diverse sedimentary geomorphology types and holds great potential for the development of geological heritage resources.However,research on the main controlling factors for regional geological heritage landscapes remains relatively limited.Based on field investigations in this study,it aims to analyze the correlation between different lithological types and dissolution rates in the region.It explores the development and evolution processes of the main surface-subsurface karst-erosion topography.Within the outcrop areas of carbonate platforms and platform margin facies,three varieties of cone-shaped karst peaks and two variations of tower-shaped karst peaks emerge,each subject to different dissolution rates.Conversely,the surface landforms in the deep-water shelf-slope zone feature shallow to medium-mountainous terrain.The formation of the Malinghe valley is characterized by the typical evolution from underground cave flow to surface karst valley.The evolution of the valley is influenced by a combination of geological processes,including dissolution,erosion,collapse,and calcareous accumulation.The spatial configuration of the valley encompasses a karst box,featuring a narrow karst valley and an erosional valley.The differentiation of carbonate platform-carbonate platform margin-clastic slope-shelf plays a pivotal role in establishing the physical foundation for sedimentary topography development in the region.Notably,the critical key to the emergence of geological heritage sites and their distribution in the landscape lies in the phenomenon of differential dissolution.

关 键 词：沉积相变带 溶蚀-侵蚀地貌 岩溶石峰 马岭河峡谷 贵州兴义 

分 类 号：K901.7[历史地理—人文地理学] P512.2[天文地球—地质学]