海水淡化工艺排放浓海水中风险物质的识别  

Identification of the risk factors in concentrated seawater from seawater desalination process

作　　者：冯雪敏 张晓青 张爱君 曹军瑞 寇希元 宋翰文 邱金泉 FENG Xuemin;ZHANG Xiaoqing;ZHANG Aijun;CAO Junrui;KOU Xiyuan;SONG Hanwen;QIU Jinquan(The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization,Ministry of Natural Resources(MNR),Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《工业水处理》2024年第6期53-59,126,共8页Industrial Water Treatment

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务项目(R-JBYWF-2021-D05,K-JBYWF-2021-ZD01);广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室项目(MRSED-2023-A03)。

摘　　要：基于海水淡化整个工艺流程,综述了浓海水中盐度、温度、原海水中的污染物、用于预处理的化学药品、淡化工艺过程中所需的药剂、化学品反应产生的副产物、腐蚀产物和过滤器反冲洗液等风险因素的引入过程及最终赋存情况,结合国内外风险物质危害阈值以及国外关于海洋生物的无影响浓度的预测结果,筛选和识别浓海水排放可能引入的具有潜在海洋环境影响的风险物质,结果表明,需要关注的风险物质包括铁盐,铝盐,丙烯酰胺,磷酸盐和总磷,余氯、总氯和消毒副产物,异噻唑啉酮,亚硫酸氢钠,还有重金属及类金属铜、镍、铬、钼、锌、铅、钛、镉、砷、硒、汞、钡。初步判定后还需进一步对风险物质进行实地验证性监测,更准确地掌握风险物质的浓度水平,以期更准确地评估浓海水排放的环境风险。Based on the whole desalination process,this paper reviewed the source and fate of risk factors in concen-trated seawater including salinity,temperature,chemicals used for pretreatment,chemicals required in desalination process,by-products,corrosion products,and filter backwash.According to the hazard and toxicological thresholds combined with the no-effect concentration for marine species,the risk factors of brine discharge to seawater environ-ment were further identified.The results showed that the risk factors contained ferric salt,aluminium salt,acryl-amide,phosphates and total phosphorus,residual chlorine,total chlorine and disinfection by-products,isothiazoli-none,sodium bisulfite,and heavy metals/metalloids such as copper,nickel,chromium,molybdenum,zinc,lead,tita-nium,cadmium,arsenic,selenium,mercury and barium.After the preliminary assessment,it was necessary to fur-ther monitor the risk factors in situ and know their actual concentration level in brine from seawater desalination,so as to provide a scientific basis for accurately assess the environmental influence of discharge brine in the seawater.

关 键 词：海水淡化 浓海水 环境影响 重金属 消毒副产物 

分 类 号：P747[天文地球—海洋科学]