美国对商业秘密的刑法保护:权利保护与泛国家安全  

Criminal Law Protection of Trade Secret in the United States:Right Protection and Broad Concept of National Security

作　　者：皮勇 Pi Yong

机构地区：[1]同济大学上海国际知识产权学院,200092

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第2期82-100,244,共20页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新发展理念与总体国家安全观视域下我国网络安全的刑法保障体系研究”(21AZD082);教育部规划项目“新发展理念视域下人工智能安全发展的刑法保障研究”(21YJA820017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国将保护商业秘密置于关系国家经济利益乃至国家安全的重要地位,构建了多层次的商业秘密刑法保护体系,规定了经济间谍罪和盗窃商业秘密罪两个罪名。《美国联邦法典》界定的商业秘密范围宽泛、形式宽松,对商业秘密的刑法保护范围宽于民法保护,重点不是“保护权利”而是“打击犯罪”。两罪处罚的危害行为范围宽泛,法庭在行为对象是否构成商业秘密以及经济间谍罪的犯罪目的的认定上持宽松立场,为其服务于美国经济利益与国家安全大开方便之门,体现的不是法治精神而是泛国家安全观念,成为以打击侵犯商业秘密犯罪为名对包括中国在内的国家进行战略遏制的工具。为了对我国商业秘密、国家安全与利益提供与之同等的刑法保护,我国刑法有必要对侵犯商业秘密罪的情节要件进行合理解释,明确为境外窃取、刺探、收买、非法提供商业秘密罪的定罪条件,扩展其处罚的行为范围。The United States places the protection of trade secrets in a position of crucial importance,concerning national economic interests and even national security.As such,the United States has established a multi-level criminal law system for the protection of trade secrets,defining two charges:economic espionage and theft of trade secrets.The scope of trade secrets defined by the United States Federal Code is broad and flexible,with the scope of criminal law protection for trade secrets broader than civil law protection,and the focus here is not on"protecting rights"but on"combating crime".The scope of harmful acts punishable for the above two crimes is broad,and the courts have a broad scope in determining whether an action involves trade secrets and determining the criminal intent of economic espionage.This approach greatly facilitates serving the economic interests and national security of the United States.This reflects not the spirit of the rule of law but the concept of pan national security,and has become a tool for strategic containment of countries,including China,on the pretext of combating crimes of infringing on trade secrets.In order to provide equivalent criminal protection for China's trade secrets,national security and interests,it is necessary for China's criminal law to reasonably interpret the elements of the crime of infringing on trade secret,to clarify the conditions for conviction for the crime of stealing,spying,bribery,and illegally providing trade secrets for oversea,and to expand the scope of its punishment.

关 键 词：美国刑法 商业秘密 刑法保护 泛国家安全 同等保护 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]