脑机接口技术背景下精神完整权的逻辑证成和制度构想  

Logical Substantiation and Institutional Conceptualisation of the Right to Mental Integrity in the Context of Brain-Computer Interface Technology

作　　者：李筱永[1] Li Xiaoyong(College of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院,北京100069

出　　处：《政法论丛》2024年第3期45-57,共13页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国精神病人强制医疗的实证研究”(17BFX060)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：面对脑机接口技术对人的隐私、精神完整性和心理连续性造成的威胁,身体权虽能够提供一定保障,但是尚不足以表彰其特殊性,尤其是对于非侵入式的。隐私权虽然能够保障公民免予心智思想被探知,但是不能兼及改变。思想自由、认知自由和精神自决保障公民寻求主动干预以塑造一个人大脑状态的积极面向有些激进。脑机接口技术对于心智思想的干预,不但直接、严重,甚至可能永远,因此要确立一种精神完整权。不论何种用途、侵入程度、接口类型,该技术研究应用都必须经过告知同意,不得强制以物理力或以隐瞒的方式为之。与为了保障公民心理健康权,强调国家的实现义务不同,精神完整权关涉隐私、身份、自主,聚焦于一种对抗国家不得干预的权能。In the face of the threat to privacy,mental integrity and psychological continuity posed by braincomputer interface technology,the right to the body,while providing some safeguards,is insufficient to recognise its specificity,especially in the case of non-intrusive ones.The right to privacy,while safeguarding citizens from having their minds probed,does not allow for change.Freedom of thought,cognitive freedom and mental self-awareness are somewhat radical in their positive orientation of actively seeking interventions to shape the state of one's brain.Brain-computer interface technology interferes with the human mind in ways that are not only immediate and serious,but may even be permanent,thus establishing a right to mental integrity.Regardless of the use,degree of intrusion,or type of interface,research applications of this technology must be informed and consented to,and may not be compelled to do so by physical force or by concealment.Unlike the obligation of the State to fulfil in order to guarantee the right to mental health of its cizens,the right to mental integrity is about privacy,identity and autonomy,and focuses on a competence against non-interference by the State.

关 键 词：脑机接口 身体权 精神隐私权 精神完整权 心理健康权 

分 类 号：DF48[政治法律—经济法学]