“瓯脱”之议与19世纪后期中国边界观念的变迁  

Discussion on"Outuo"and the Change of the Concept of Border in the Late 19th Century

作　　者：易锐[1] YI Rui

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第5期85-95,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“晚清疆土观念变迁与舆图绘制研究”(项目编号:20CZS061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪后期,随着宗藩解体与强敌逼处的新形势出现,“瓯脱”古法持续成为清朝划界筹议中的重要方案。中俄伊犁谈判期间,“瓯脱”之议开始兴起。至中法越南交涉,“瓯脱”谋划出现空前高涨的局面,然终因法方反对而止息。经此重挫,在中英商议滇缅界务时,“瓯脱”呼声已极零星,旋即走向消退。这一时期曲折反复的“瓯脱”谋划背后,反映的并非只是一种传统意识的延续,亦折射了清朝边界观念在近代环境下的调适与转变,并蕴含了国人对西方边界规则的早期反思。“瓯脱”之议的终结,不仅昭示着时人以古法应对晚清边疆变局的失败,也意味着中国边界观念摆脱了传统运行轨道上的最后一道重要束缚,从此加速驶入近代转型之路。In the late 19th century,with the emergence of a new situation of the loss of vassals and strong neighbours bordering China,the ancient method of"Outuo",which had rarely received the attention of the Qing people,continued to be an important topic in the delineation of the Qing Dynasty.During the Sino-Russian negotiations on Yili,the method of"Outuo"began to be taken seriously by the court.During the Sino-French negotiations on Vietnam,the discussion on"Outuo"was unprecedentedly high with the Qing court's strong support.However,it ended with a strong opposition from the French side.After this severe setback,when China and Britain discussed the Yunnan-Burma border affairs,the plan of"Outuo"was mentioned again,but was sealed.The twists and turns of the plan of"Outuo"in this period not only reflects the continuation of a traditional consciousness,but also reflects the adjustment and transformation of the concept of border in the modern environment,and contains early reflection on the rules of Western border.The end of the discussion not only announced the failure of the traditional plan to respond to the border change,but it also meant that the Chinese concept of border broke free from the last important constraint of traditional track,and accelerated into the road of modern transformation.

关 键 词：瓯脱 边疆危机 界务交涉 边界观念 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]