数字检察“去责任化”危机的省思  

A Reflection on the Crisis of"De-accountability"in Digital Prosecution

作　　者：武艳 张清[3] WU Yan;ZHANG Qing

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院 [2]江苏省常州市金坛区人民检察院 [3]扬州大学法学院、法治社会研究院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第5期163-170,共8页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大人才项目“在法治轨道上推进市域社会治理现代化研究”(项目编号:22VRC008);2023年最高人民检察院检察应用理论研究课题“数字时代检察责任惩戒研究”;江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“司法公正的社会认同研究”(项目编号:KYZZ16_0487)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：检察大数据的普遍运用深刻影响着检察履职,从智慧检务到法律监督模型,对落实检察责任提出更高要求,科技赋能的数字检察时代期待实现更高层次的数字正义。相较于传统以自然人裁判为基石的单一检察责任模式,数字时代的检察责任融合了算法不合理或不正当情况所引发的算法责任。在现行数字检察实践中,不仅原有的检察责任体系对“算法黑箱”等问题缺乏问责机制,而且准确认定检察官责任也变得愈加困难,表现为检察“去责任化”的危机。因此,对于检察官责任的消解、推诿及认定难题亟需构建新的责任框架予以回应,这套新的责任体系包括但不限于:将“替代责任”引入归责原则,实现对人工智能算法的有效规制;确立检察官的“优先责任”,督促检察官审核并监督人工智能裁决结果;通过建立算法可解释机制,科学勘定检察责任的免责范围,明晰检察官与人工智能之间的责任边界。The widespread use of procuratorial big data has a profound impact on prosecutors'performance.From the intelligent inspection to the legal supervision model,higher requirements are put forward for the implementation of prosecutors'responsibility.The digital procuratorial era enabled by science and technology expects to achieve a higher level of digital justice.Compared with the traditional single prosecutors'responsibility model which emphasizes the judgment of natural person,the prosecutors'responsibility in the digital age integrates the algorithmic responsibility caused by the unreasonable or improper algorithm.In the current digital prosecution practice,the original prosecutors'responsibility system not only lacks an accountability mechanism for issues such as"algorithmic black boxes",but it has also become increasingly difficult to accurately identify the responsibility of prosecutors,which is manifested as the crisis of"de-accountability"of prosecutors.Therefore,it is urgent to build a new responsibility framework to respond to the problems of dissipation,prevarication and identification of prosecutors'responsibility.This new responsibility system includes but is not limited to:introducing"vicarious responsibility"into the principle of liability to achieve effective regulation of artificial intelligence algorithms;establishing"priority responsibilities"for prosecutors and urging them to review and monitor Al verdicts;establishing the explainable mechanism of the algorithm and delimiting the reasonable scope of exemption,the responsibility boundary between prosecutors and artificial intelligence is clarified.

关 键 词：数字检察 算法责任 去责任化 责任规则 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学]