从“消灭哲学”“哲学的终结”到科学世界观的转换——马克思恩格斯对思辨哲学的批判逻辑  

From"Superseding Philosophy""End of Philosophy"to the Transformation of the Scientific World View:Marx's and Engels'Critical Logic of Speculative Philosophy

作　　者：沈江平[1,2] 丁耀鹏 SHEN Jiangping;DING Yaopeng(School of Marxism,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院 [2]21世纪中国马克思主义研究协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2024年第3期146-157,共12页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(面上项目)“历史唯物主义研究范式的转化及其反思”(23XNA015)资助。

摘　　要：马克思“消灭哲学”论断和恩格斯“哲学的终结”论断共同彰显针对德国思辨哲学的批判态度。马克思基于西方哲学实践论转向的理论倾向、青年时代对哲学功能的认知变化以及对哲学和革命关系深入思索的三重意蕴提出“消灭哲学”命题,反映其源于对德国盛行的观念论哲学的批判立场。恩格斯延展了马克思的批判理路,以“哲学的终结”论断为核心,批判对象和批判旨趣与“消灭哲学”一脉相承。以集中表述费尔巴哈理论定位为特征的批判结构的扩展,标识批判逻辑的具体推进,旨在重申和创新唯物史观基本原理的理论批判的深化是其逻辑完成和理论升华。科学世界观的形成立足于哲学批判的思想基础,哲学批判逻辑转化为科学世界观则是其终极理论归宿。从“消灭哲学”到“哲学的终结”的批判逻辑同科学世界观创立路径的同质演进则映现二者是同一问题的两面。质言之,“批判意识”是推动批判逻辑向科学世界观转化的理论先导,“体系批判”是关键载体,哲学批判和阶级革命相衔接的结构则牵涉到理论和实践互动中向科学世界观转化的内在路径。Marx's"superseding philosophy"and Engels's"end of philosophy"jointly demonstrate a critical attitude towards German speculative philosophy.The conclusion of"superseding philosophy"is based on the theoretical tendency of western philosophy turning to practice theory,on the change of the cognition of the function of philosophy when Marx was young,and on the deep thinking of the relation-ship between philosophy and revolution.This reflects that the development of his theory is based on the critical position of the idealist philosophy prevailing in Germany at the time.Engels continued and ex-panded Marx's criticism with the conclusion of"end of philosophy"as its central idea.The same target and critical attitude shared by these two conclusions demonstrate that the conclusion of"end of philos-ophy"is the continuity of"superseding philosophy".The expansion of the critical structure,which is characterized by the concentrated expression of Feuerbach's theoretical orientation,is a concrete ad-vance to this philosophical critical logic.The deepening of the critical foundation aimed at reaffirming and innovating the basic principles of historical materialism is its logical completion and theoretical sublimation.The theoretical creation of scientific worldview is based on the ideological foundation of philosophical criticism,and the transformation of philosophical criticism logic into scientific worldview is its ultimate theoretical destination.From"superseding philosophy"to"end of philosophy",the homogenization of critical logic and scientific worldview represents two aspects of the same problem,and profoundly reveals that"critical consciousness"is the theoretical precursor to promote the trans-formation of critical logic into scientific worldview."Criticism of system"is the key carrier.The struc-ture of the connection between philosophical criticism and class revolution involves the internal path of the transformation to the scientific world view in the interaction between theory and practice.

关 键 词：消灭哲学 哲学的终结 思辨哲学 批判逻辑 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A81[哲学宗教—哲学理论]