日本多宝塔的设计方法及形制溯源  

Architectural Design Methods and Form Origins of Japanese Duobao Pagodas

作　　者：邵继中 李坤洋 松本康隆 郗皎如 宋其泽 张晓思 SHAO Jizhong;LI Kunyang;MATSUMOTO Asutaka;XI Jiaoru;SONG Qize;ZHANG Xiaosi(Landscape Architecture Department,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Architecture,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学风景园林系,武汉430070 [2]南京工业大学建筑学院,南京211816

出　　处：《工业建筑》2024年第5期75-85,共11页Industrial Construction

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3807500);住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划国际科技合作类项目(2022-H-001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021JC009)。

摘　　要：基于对史料的整理及现有遗存的调研,系统性梳理了日本多宝塔的发展过程和现存样式风格,发现在长期发展过程中,日本多宝塔融入了具有本土特色的“国风文化”,被赋予了新的营造思想观念和造型艺术,形成二重结构——圆形龟腹的固定建筑形制。从这一线索出发,进一步分析日本多宝塔的建筑设计思想方法,并从密宗思想引入和融合、汉地建筑形制影响及本土化吸收和创造等方面追溯其固有建筑形制的演变脉络。结果表明:日本多宝塔形制的演变过程深刻反映出日本僧人和工匠在消化、吸收来自中国汉地建筑形式和技艺的同时,创造性地使之与本民族文化相结合,形成了具有日本本土特色的木结构塔类建筑体系。Based on unscrambling of historical records and investigation of existing remains,the evolution process of Japanese Duobao Pagodas and the architectural form and style of remains were sorted out.It was found that in the long-term development and practice,Japanese Duobao Pagodas had been integrated into the“national style culture”with Japanese local characteristics,which formed new construction ideas and plastic arts and created a new architectural form of two stories with a bottom square and a top circle and double eaves—a fixed architectural form with“a white bun-shaped kamebara(turtle belly)”.From that clue,the architectural design thinking and method of Japanese Duobao Pagodas were further analyzed.The evolutional context of inherent architectural forms of Japanese Duobao Pagodas was traced back from the introduction and integration of Tantric thoughts,the influence of Chinese architectural forms,and the absorption and creation of localization.It was indicated that the evolution of the fixed form of Japanese Duobao Pagodas profoundly reflected that while absorbing Chinese architectural forms and architectural arts,Japanese monks and craftsmen creatively combined them with their own national culture and gradually formed a wood tower system with Japanese local styles.

关 键 词：日本多宝塔 设计方法 形制溯源 

分 类 号：TU252[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]