结构变迁、效率变革与发展新质生产力  

Structure Changes,Efficiency Changes and Development of New Quality Productive Forces

作　　者：中国社会科学院经济研究所课题组 黄群慧 杨耀武 杨虎涛 楠玉 Research Group of the Institute of Economics of CASS(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第4期4-23,共20页Economic Research Journal

摘　　要：本文以习近平总书记关于新质生产力的重要论述为指导,基于“科技创新—结构变迁—效率变革”这一生产力发展的逻辑主线,分析了新质生产力形成的产业结构变迁逻辑;通过对中国全要素生产率的测算与国际比较,进一步从经济增长动能转换角度论述了当前中国发展新质生产力的必然逻辑;最后围绕建立新型生产关系提出发展新质生产力的原则方向。本文认为,新一轮科技革命和产业变革给中国提供了重要的机会窗口,中国已有的发展成就也为发展新质生产力提供了充足的基础条件。未来要科学把握科技创新和产业发展的方向,充分发挥社会主义市场经济体制的制度优势,坚持先立后破、稳中求进的方法论原则,围绕以科技创新推进产业创新、提高全要素生产率的主线,坚定不移大力发展新质生产力。习近平总书记指出,新质生产力以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志,虽然经济学界一直以来有大量关于全要素生产率的研究,但目前还鲜有文献从全要素生产率角度研究新质生产力,本文的尝试具有一定创新性。In September 2023,Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,proposed the concept of"new quality productive forces"at the symposium on promoting the full revitalization of northeast China in the new era.Afterward,a series of important discussions were made around the definition and strategies for cultivating new quality productive forces.General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized the new quality productive forces as follows:With innovation playing the leading role,new quality productive forces mean advanced productivity that is freed from traditional economic growth mode and productivity development paths,features high-tech,high efficiency and high quality,and comes in line with the new development philosophy.New quality productive forces are driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs,innovative allocation of production factors,and deep industrial transformation and upgrading,taking the improvement of workers,means of labor,subjects of labor and their optimal combinations as its basic connotation,and a substantial increase in total factor productivity as its core hallmark.Productive forces are the ability of humans to transform and conquer nature.The new quality productive forces involve the improvement of workers,means of labor,subjects of labor and their optimal combinations,which will inevitably lead to a significant increase in total factor productivity.This is precisely why the new quality productive forces are characterized by a substantial increase in total factor productivity.The current era is undergoing a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,akin to the First and Second Industrial Revolutions which marked significant leaps in human productivity.Technological innovation drives industrial innovation and the new quality productive forces with the improvement of workers,means of labor,subjects of labor and their optimal combinations as its basic connotation are also showing its enormous vitality.This means that the logical framewor

关 键 词：新质生产力 全要素生产率 产业结构 新型生产关系 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]