中国跨地区劳动力流动壁垒:测度方法、演进趋势与决定因素  

Labor Mobility Barriers Across Regions in China:Measurement Methods,Evolution Trends and Determinants

作　　者：蒋为[1] 倪诗程 吉萍 JIANG Wei;NI Shicheng;JI Ping(School of International Business,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学国际商学院,611130

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第4期60-77,共18页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973108);西南财经大学“光华英才工程”的资助。

摘　　要：要素自由流动是畅通国内大循环的重要组成部分,但劳动力在不同地区间的流动壁垒仍然是国内大循环的堵点,阻碍了统一大市场与新发展格局的形成。本文在人口迁移选择理论的基础上,基于跨地区劳动力流动数量提出了一种反推相对跨地区劳动力流动壁垒的测算方法,运用中国1990—2015年历次人口普查以及抽样调查数据,对跨地区劳动力流动壁垒进行了测算与分析。研究发现:中国跨地区劳动力流动壁垒始终保持快速下降趋势,但在不同地区的下降幅度并不均衡;东部地区劳动力流动壁垒的下降幅度远高于其他地区,而东北地区劳动力流动壁垒最为严重。进一步地,本文基于推拉理论将劳动力流动壁垒分解为自然壁垒与制度壁垒,结果发现虽然自然壁垒与制度壁垒均大幅降低,但在基础设施建设的驱动下,自然壁垒的下降幅度远高于制度壁垒。在基础设施建设对削弱劳动力流动壁垒边际效应逐步递减的情形下,破除制度壁垒已经成为中国畅通跨地区劳动力流动的关键因素。本文为构建新发展格局提供了支撑,为破除跨地区劳动力流动壁垒、畅通国内大循环提供了决策依据。The unfettered mobility of labor is fundamental to optimizing resource allocation efficiency and fostering sustainable economic development.However,barriers to labor mobility create market segmentation,significantly impeding the formation of a unified domestic market and restraining the high-quality growth of China's economy.Breaking down the barriers to labor mobility across regions has become an important goal in promoting China's economic development.In this context,this study systematically explores the measurement methods,evolutionary trends,and determinants of inter-regional labor mobility barriers in China from a macro perspective.It holds significant theoretical and practical implications for dismantling labor market segmentation,constructing a national unified market,and facilitating the domestic circulation.This paper employs a migration-selection model and establishes a theoretical relationship between the scale of labor mobility and the barriers within the theoretical framework.Leveraging this theoretical linkage,we introduce a novel method for measuring inter-regional labor mobility barriers.Using data from China's national censuses and sample surveys from 1990 to 2015,this study offers the first macro-level quantification of China's inter-regional labor mobility barriers and systematically analyzes their evolving trends,regional disparities,and individual heterogeneities.This analysis facilitates an accurate comprehension of the fundamental characteristics of inter-regional labor mobility barriers in China.The results reveal a persistent rapid decline in China's inter-regional labor mobility barriers,albeit with significant regional disparities.The eastern region experiences a more substantial reduction in mobility barriers compared to other areas,whereas the northeastern region exhibits relatively high barriers.Regarding heterogeneity,notable group differences in labor mobility barriers are observed across age,gender,and educational attainment,with older individuals,females,and those with lower edu

关 键 词：跨地区劳动力流动壁垒 显示性壁垒指数 自然壁垒 制度壁垒 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]