数字治理与现金转移支付瞄准效率  

Digital Governance and Targeting Efficiency of Cash TransferPrograms

作　　者：王军辉[1] 揭梦吟 何青[1] WANG Junhui;JIE Mengyin;HE Qing(Survey and Research Center for China Household Finance,South Western University of Finance and Economics;Research Institute of Economics&Management,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心,610074 [2]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院,610074

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第4期153-172,共20页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073108);国家社科基金青年项目(20CJL018)的资助。

摘　　要：在走向共同富裕和扩大内需的背景下,加大转移支付力度的呼声日益高涨。较高的瞄准偏误是扩大对居民转移支付面临的主要障碍之一。研究数字治理对现金转移支付瞄准效率的影响,对扩大对居民转移支付具有重要参考价值。本文基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013—2021年的五轮数据,利用“居民家庭经济状况核对信息系统”上线这一冲击,研究了核对系统对低保瞄准效率的影响及作用机制。研究发现,核对系统显著降低了低保的错保率,并且核对系统具有较高的成本效益。核对系统主要通过降低审核工作成本、提高核查质量和提升资格认定过程的公正程度提升瞄准效率。核对系统的效果主要体现在农村地区,在偏远、宗族势力强、人口流出比例高的地区效果更加明显。由于接入养老金信息,核对系统对降低老年家庭的错保更显著。核对系统虽然加大了低保清退力度,但对支出型贫困家庭的排斥没有增加,也未增加低保清退引发的不满。此外,核对系统在降低漏保方面尚未发挥积极作用。本研究表明,核对系统为精准扩大再分配提供了充分的技术准备。High targeting bias is a common challenge faced by targeted cash transfer programs,significantly undermining the redistributive effect of cash transfer programs and constituting one of the main obstacles to increasing residents'transfer payments.Investigating the impact and mechanisms of digital governance on the targeting efficiency of cash transfer programs holds significant reference value for increasing residents'transfer payments.The Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Dibao)is China's primary cash transfer program for low-income groups and the core foundation of China's social assistance system.Housing,education,healthcare,and other specific assistance policies are largely linked to Dibao eligibility.Similar to other targeted cash transfer programs,Dibao has long been troubled by targeting bias.Since 2009,China has promoted the establishment of the"Household Economic Status Verification System(HESVS)"for low-income families.The HESVS facilitates rapid information exchange between the Dibao management department and other government departments such as tax,social insurance,and real estate registration,as well as financial institutions like banks and securities firms.It improves the accuracy and convenience of verifying the income and property status of aid recipients.This paper,based on five rounds of data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)in 2013,2015,2017,2019 and 2021,utilizes the timing differences in the rollout of HESVS at the county level,and employs a time-varying DID approach to study the impact of the implementation of HESVS on the targeting efficiency of the Dibao program.The study finds that the implementation of the HESVS significantly reduces the inclusion error of Dibao,with substantial improvements as the system undergoes upgrades.Four years after the implementation of the HESvS,the inclusion error of Dibao was reduced by 15.3%-17.7%.Preliminary estimates show that the HESVS significantly outweighs its construction costs in terms of cost-effectiveness by reducing the surplus of incor

关 键 词：数字治理 转移支付 瞄准效率 再分配 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F812.45