温室番茄水-沼液一体化的非充分灌溉模式评价  

Evaluation of Deficit Irrigation Model for Greenhouse Tomato Water-biogas Integration

作　　者：杨赟 郑健[2,3,4] 撒青林 杨少鸿 YANG Yun;ZHENG Jian;SA Qing-lin;YANG Shao-hong(Water Conservancy Science Research Institute of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Linxia 731100,Gansu Province,China;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy,Lanzhou 730050,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Key Technology for Northwest Low Carbon Urbanization,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]临夏回族自治州水利科学研究院,甘肃临夏731100 [2]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [3]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,兰州730050 [4]西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第6期87-94,101,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969012);济南市水务科技项目(JNSWKJ202206);2023年高校教师创新基金项目(2023B-431)。

摘　　要：为探求温室番茄合理的水-沼液一体化非充分灌溉模式,于2021年3-7月和9-12月在甘肃省兰州市七里河区温室开展两季试验研究。应用水-沼液一体化穴灌技术在番茄3个生育期(苗期、开花坐果期和果实成熟期)设置高水低肥(充分灌溉)、中水中肥(轻度亏缺)、低水高肥(中度亏缺)3个水-沼液一体化非充分灌溉施肥水平,分析不同处理对番茄产量、灌溉水利用效率及品质的影响。构建了番茄综合品质递阶层次结构模型,并运用近似理想解(TOPSIS法)得到番茄综合品质评价值。同时,将番茄的产量、灌溉水利用效率、综合品质作为番茄综合效益的评价指标,应用组合评价法获得不同处理下番茄综合效益评价值。结果表明:T8处理(3个生育阶段均采用中水中肥)番茄单株产量最高为5.612 kg(2021年春)和5.032 kg(2021年秋);T9处理(3个生育阶段均采用低水高肥)番茄灌溉水利用效率最优为0.173 kg/L(2021年春)和0.171 kg/L(2021年秋);T8处理的番茄果形比、糖酸比、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、果实含水率均为最高,番茄可溶性糖、可滴定酸和硬度最大值分别出现在T9、T4(苗期采用中水中肥,开花坐果期采用加低水高肥、果实成熟期采用高水低肥)和T3(苗期采用中水中肥、开花坐果期采用高水低肥、果实成熟期采用低水高肥)处理;两季试验中番茄综合品质评价和综合效益结果最好的均为T8处理。To explore an optimal integrated water-biogas deficit irrigation model for greenhouse tomatoes,a two-season experiment was conducted in March-July 2021 and September-December 2021 in a greenhouse in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,China.Three irrigation and fertilization levels:high water and low fertilizer(full irrigation),medium water and medium fertilizer(mild deficit irrigation),and low water and high fertilizer(moderate deficit irrigation)were set at three growth stages(seedling,fruiting,and fruit ripening)of tomatoes to analyze the effects of different treatments on tomato yield,water use efficiency,and quality.A hierarchical model of tomato integrated quality was constructed,and an approximate ideal solution(the TOPSIS method)was applied to obtain the tomato integrated quality evaluation value.At the same time,the yield,water use efficiency,and comprehensive quality of tomato were taken as the evaluation indexes of comprehensive benefit of tomato.A combined evaluation method was applied to obtain the evaluation value of comprehensive benefit of tomato under different water and fertilization treatments.The results showed that:T8 treatment(using medium water and fertilizer in all three growth stages)had the highest yield of 5.612 kg(spring 2021)and 5.032 kg(autumn 2021);T9 treatment(using low water and high fertilizer in all three fertility stages)had the optimal tomato water use efficiency of 0.173 kg/L(spring 2021)and 0.171 kg/L(autumn 2021).The highest fruit shape ratio,sugar-acid ratio,soluble solids,vitamin C,soluble proteins,and fruit water content were found in the T8 treatment.The highest values of soluble sugars,titratable acids,and hardness were found in the T9,T4(medium-water fertilizer at seedling stage,plus low water and high fertilizer at flowering and fruit setting stages,and high water and low fertilizer at fruit setting stages),and T3(medium-water fertilizer at seedling stage,high water and low fertilizer at flowering and fruit setting stages,and high water and low fertilizer at fruit setting st

关 键 词：番茄 非充分灌溉 水-沼液一体化 沼液浓度 综合品质 综合效益 评价 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]