植物营养素(复合寡糖)对滴灌水果番茄生长和土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Plant Nutrients(Compound Oligosaccharides)on the Growth and Soil Enzyme Activity of Drip Irrigation Fruit Tomatoes

作　　者：韩雨禄 尹娟[1,2,3] 杨震 范家杨 李升 HAN Yu-liu;YIN Juan;YANG Zhen;FAN Jia-yang;LI Sheng(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Water Saving Irrigation and Water Resource Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第6期121-127,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程)资助项目(NXYLXK2021A03);吴忠市利通区2023年农业农村领域科技发展计划项目。

摘　　要：为了摸清采用不同施量的植物营养素(复合寡糖)和灌溉定额对温室水果番茄生长、产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响。试验在温室中种植水果番茄品种“嘉红100”,设置3个灌溉定额:5550 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1)、6375 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、7200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)和3个复合寡糖施用量:168 g/hm^(2)(P1)、336 g/hm^(2)(P2)、504 g/hm^(2)(P3),CK处理作为对照组,总共10个处理,测定并分析不同处理对水果番茄生长、产量、品质和成熟期土壤中相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,灌溉定额和复合寡糖对水果番茄的生长有着一定的促进作用。水果番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率随着灌溉定额和复合寡糖的增加而增加,灌溉定额过高,会导致品质降低。在试验条件下,当灌水定额一定时,复合寡糖施用的越多,对产量和品质的提升越有利。对于土壤中的脲酶,复合寡糖用量的增加会提高其酶活性,P3用量的复合寡糖效果最好,灌溉定额过多会降低其活性;对于蔗糖酶,W2P1处理的蔗糖酶活性最高,酶活性随灌溉定额的增加先升高后降低。综上所述,推荐宁夏吴忠地区温室水果番茄种植采用的水-植物营养素耦合模式为W2P3(灌溉定额6375 m^(3)/hm^(2),复合寡糖504 g/hm^(2))。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different application rates of phytonutrients(compound oligosaccharides)and irrigation quotas on the growth,yield,quality and soil enzyme activity of greenhouse-grown tomatoes.“Jiahong 100”was planted in a greenhouse,and three irrigation quotas were set up:5550 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1)、6375m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2)、7200 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3).Additionally,three compound oligosaccharide application rates:168 g·hm^(-2)(P1),336 g·hm^(-2)(P2)and 504 g·hm^(-2)(P3),and CK treatment was used as the control group.A total of 10 treatments were used.The effects of different treatments on the growth,yield,quality and related enzyme activities in fruit tomato soil at maturity stage were determined and analyzed.The results show,Irrigation quotas and compound oligosaccharides had a certain effect on the growth of fruit tomatoes.The yield and irrigation water use efficiency of fruit tomato increased with the increase of irrigation quota and compound oligosaccharides.High irrigation quota would lead to the decrease of quality.Under the experimental conditions,when the irrigation quota is constant,the more complex oligosaccharides are applied,the more beneficial it is to improve the yield and quality.For urease in soil,higher dosage of complex oligosaccharides will increase its enzyme activity,with the p3 dosage of compound oligosaccharides has the best effect.However,too much irrigation quota will reduce its activity.For sucrase,the sucrase activity of W2P1 treatment was the highest,and the enzyme activity initially increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation quota.In summary,W2P3(irrigation quota 6375 m^(3)·hm^(-2),compound oligosaccharide 504 g·hm^(-2))was recommended as the waterphytonutrient coupling mode for greenhouse fruit tomato cultivation in Wuzhong area,Ningxia Province.

关 键 词：复合寡糖 温室滴灌番茄 生长 品质 酶活性 水-植物营养素耦合 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]