资本主义批判理论百年变迁:传统与当代--2023年国外马克思主义发展动态  

Centenary Changes from Traditional to Contemporary Theories of Critique of Capitalism:Development Trends of Foreign Marxism in 2023

作　　者：覃诗雅 Qin Shiya

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2024年第4期113-128,M0006,共17页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“21世纪国外恩格斯研究的新进展研究”(22CZX011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在西方马克思主义形成100周年之际,审视2023年国外马克思主义发展动态,为反思资本主义批判理论的百年变迁提供了契机。这一年,关于早期西方马克思主义的研究阐述了卢卡奇的物化理论、组织理论和社会本体论,探讨其青年时期与晚年时期的思想关系,呈现了其思想的当代相关性。法兰克福学派研究探讨了代表人物的相关著作,剖析批判理论的局限与潜力、公共领域的新结构转型和劳动政治理论,发展了21世纪的批判理论。后马克思主义研究延续了关于霸权和策略的讨论,深入反思生命政治,澄清作为激进思想核心的共同性概念。针对资本主义的反生态性,国外学者批判了化石资本主义和绿色资本主义,分析了生态社会主义转型的必要性,提出生态现实主义和去增长社会主义等替代性方案。关于资本主义最新形态的讨论围绕数字资本主义展开,体现为对平台资本主义、技术封建主义、数字金融资本主义、数字泰勒主义、监控资本主义等的分析。此外,灾难资本主义研究对危机问题、分析马克思主义研究对剥削问题、“马克思学”研究对“马克思恩格斯思想关系”问题的讨论也值得关注。总体来看,2023年国外马克思主义的发展特点是“旧主题”的“新诠释”,即在当代语境重新阐发劳动、自治、权力、危机、策略等重要问题。以一年观百年,国外马克思主义形成了以问题为导向的、开放的、跨学科的多元融合发展,不断拓展资本主义批判理论,但理论研究与集体实践之间的结构性分离仍是发展过程中需要解决的最大问题。On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the formation of Western Marxism,reviewing the development trends of foreign Marxism in 2023 provides an opportunity to reflect on the changes in critical theory concerning capitalism over the past century.In that year,studies on early Western Marxists elaborated on Lukacs'ideas on materialization,organization and social ontology,exploring the relationship between his early and later thoughts and demonstrating the contemporary relevance of his ideas.Studies on the Frankfurt School developed critical theory in the 21st century by delving into the works of its representative figures and analyzing the limitations and potentials of critical theory,new structural transformation of the public sphere and the politics of labor.Studies on post-Marxism continued discussions on hegemony and strategy,presenting profound reflections on the politics of life and clarifying the common concepts at the core of radical thinking.Addressing the un-ecological nature of capitalism,foreign scholars criticized fossil capitalism and green capitalism,explicated the necessity of a transition to ecological socialism,with alternative solutions such as ecological realism and degrowth socialism.Discussions on the latest form of capitalism revolved around digital capitalism,which are manifested in the analysis of plaform capitalism,technological feudalism,digital financial capitalism,digital Taylorism,and surveillance capitalism.Furthermore,discussions on crisis in the studies of disaster capitalism,on exploitation in analytical Marxism,and on the relationship between Marx and Engels in Marxology are also worthy of our attention.On the whole,the development of foreign Marxism in 2023 is characterized by""new interpretations"of"old themes",that is,the reinterpretation of such important issues as labor,autonomy,power,crisis and strategy in contemporary context.Reviewing its development trends in the past year,we can learn that foreign Marxism,in the past century,has made a problemoriented,open,interdisci

关 键 词：早期西方马克思主义 法兰克福学派 后马克思主义 资本主义批判 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]