2019年北京市鼠疫人间疫情应急处置情况分析  

Emergency response of human plague epidemic in Beijing,2019

作　　者：李爽[1] 陈艳伟[1] 李旭[1] 林长缨[1] 郑阳[1] 田祎[1] 马春娜[1] 张代涛[1] 王全意[1] 窦相峰[1] Li Shuang;Chen Yanwei;Li Xu;Lin Changying;Zheng Yang;Tian Yi;Ma Chunna;Zhang Daitao;Wang Quanyi;Dou Xiangfeng(Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所,北京100013

出　　处：《疾病监测》2024年第4期446-450,共5页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的通过对2019年北京市肺鼠疫疫情的调查及应急处置情况进行分析,为今后类似的重大疫情防控提供经验和建议。方法采用回顾性描述方法对该起肺鼠疫疫情的现场流行病学调查处置的情况进行描述,包括现场流行病学调查、密切接触者判定、采样检测、感染来源分析研判、隔离圈划定、防控宣传等处置措施。结果经调查,本起疫情涉及2例肺鼠疫病例,为内蒙古自治区来京就诊病例,居住地位于长爪沙鼠疫源地,初步考虑感染来源与男性病例进行打扫工作时吸入带鼠疫菌的扬尘可能性大,女性病例因照顾男性病例而染病。本起疫情共判定在京密切接触者461例,采取集中隔离9 d并给予预防性给药等措施,及时划定大小隔离圈并进行消毒工作,疫情期间通过多种媒体对公众进行鼠疫防控知识的宣传。疫情发生后对北京市鼠间进行了强化监测,鼠密度低于往常监测周期及周边鼠疫疫源地的鼠密度,捕获的活鼠血清F1抗体均为阴性。结论本次疫情发生后,采取隔离病例、密切接触者判定、隔离圈划定、消杀等处置措施及时得当,疫情无续发病例。提示北京市面临输入性疫情风险较高,医疗机构的早期识别能力以及疾控部门疫情处置效率是鼠疫等重大疫情防控的关键。Objective To analyze the investigation and emergency disposal of pneumonic plague in Beijing in 2019,and provide experience and suggestions for similar major epidemic prevention and control in the future.Methods The retrospective description method was used to describe the field epidemiological investigation and disposal of the pneumonic plague epidemic,including the field epidemiological investigation,determination of close contacts,sampling and testing,analysis and judgment of the source of infection,delineation of the isolation circle,and publicity of prevention and control.Results After investigation,the outbreak involving two pneumonic plague cases,and came from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to Beijing for medical treatment,residence is located in the gerbil plague source,preliminary consideration source of infection inhaled with male cases cleaning plague dust was the most possibility,female cases for care for male cases.This outbreak determine close contacts 461 cases,take centralized isolation for 9 days and give preventive drugs,timely delimit the size isolation and disinfection work.During the epidemic period,the public was publicized the knowledge of plague prevention and control through various media.After the outbreak,intensive monitoring was conducted between rats in Beijing,and the density of rats was lower than that of usual monitoring cycle and the surrounding natural plague foci,and the serum F1 antibodies of live rats captured were all negative.Conclusion After the outbreak,measures such as isolation cases,close contact judgment,demarcation of isolation circles,and disinfection have been taken in a timely and proper manner,and no further cases of the epidemic.It suggests that Beijing faces a high risk of imported epidemic,and the early identification ability of medical institutions and the efficiency of epidemic disposal by disease control departments are the key to the prevention and control of major epidemics such as plague.

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫情调查 疫情处置 人间鼠疫 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R516.8