盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长与产量品质的影响  

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth,yield and quality of tomato in saline-alkali soil

作　　者：赵文举[1,2] 曹伟 吴克倩 李建承 马宏 ZHAO Wenju;CAO Wei;WU Keqian;LI Jiancheng;MA Hong(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture Irrigation Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050,China;Lanzhou New Area Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou,Gansu 730300,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]农业农村部智慧农业节水灌溉装备重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [3]兰州新区农业科技开发有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730300

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第6期619-626,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52379042);甘肃省东西协作专项(23CXNA0025);甘肃省水利厅2022年度第一批省级水资源项目(甘水资源发[2022]94号);甘肃省水利厅2023年度第一批省级水资源费项目(甘水资源发[2023]88号);酒泉市2023年度第二批科技计划项目(2023CA2060)。

摘　　要：为探究盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长的影响,设置3组灌溉水平W1(268 mm),W2(201 mm),W3(161 mm)和3组施肥水平(N-P_(2)O_(2)-K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2))F1(260-200-220 kg/hm^(2)),F2(208-160-176 kg/hm^(2)),F3(156-120-132 kg/hm^(2)),共9组耦合处理,以无基质水肥组合作为对照组CK,基于温室大棚试验研究水肥耦合对盐碱地土壤盐分、基质栽培番茄株高茎粗、根系特征、产量与品质的影响,并构建遗传算法多目标优化模型确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最优水肥调控策略.结果表明:与CK相比,基质处理株高、茎粗、根系特征、水肥利用效率、产量与品质具有显著优势;基质处理土壤表层盐分含量较低,土壤剖面0~30 cm表现为积盐过程,30~60 cm表现为脱盐过程;通过AHP-CRITIC主客观组合赋权的VIKOR法对番茄产量、风味品质进行评价,处理W3F1的利益比率最小,产量与品质最佳;基于遗传算法多目标优化模型求解Pareto最优解,确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最佳水肥耦合策略为W3F2,研究可为盐碱地高品质果蔬的水肥科学管理提供理论依据.In order to improve the quality and efficiency of crops in saline-alkali land,three groups of irrigation levels[i.e.W1(268mm),W2(201mm)andW3(161mm)]and three groups of fertilization levels[i.e.(N-P_(2)O_(2)-K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2))F1(260-200-220kg/hm^(2)),F2(208-160-176kg/hm^(2))andF3(156-120-132kg/hm^(2))],summing up to 9 groups of coupling treatments were set up.Based on the greenhouse experiment,the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on soil salinity,plant height,stem diameter,root characteristics,yield and quality of tomatoes cultivated in saline-alkali soil were studied.And the multi-objective optimization model of the genetic algorithm was constructed to determine the optimal water and fertilizer regulation strategy for tomato cultivation in saline-alkali soil.It turns out that compared with CK,the plant height,stem diameter,root characteristics,water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,yield and quality of tomatoes cultivated in saline-alkali soil have significant advantages.The salt content in the surface soil of the substrate treatment is low,the soil profile of 0-30 cm shows a salt accumulation process,and the soil profile of 30-60 cm shows a desalination process.Through the VIKOR method of AHP-CRITIC subjective and objective combination weighting,the yield and flavor quality of tomatoes were evaluated.The benefit ratio of W3F1 treatment is the smallest,and the yield and quality are the best.Based on the genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization model to solve the Pareto optimal solution,the optimal water and fertilizer coupling strategy for tomato cultivation in saline-alkali soil is determined to be W3F2.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of water and fertilizer for high-quality fruits and vegetables in saline-alkali soil.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 基质栽培 盐碱地 主客观组合赋权 多目标寻优 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]