不同水氮配施对北疆膜下滴灌棉花生长发育的影响  

Optimization of water and nitrogen application system for cotton yield under mulched drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：张疏影 张金珠[1,2,3,4] 王振华 温越[1,2,3,4] 刘健 朱艳 唐宇鹏 ZHANG Shuying;ZHANG Jinzhu;WANG Zhenhua;WEN Yue;LIU Jian;ZHU Yan;TANG Yupeng(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Technology Innovation Center for Agricultural Water and Fertilizer Efficiency Equipment of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心,新疆石河子832000 [4]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第6期641-648,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900802);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52169011,52169012);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK2021B20)。

摘　　要：研究灌水频率、灌溉定额和施氮量对膜下滴灌棉花生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响,探明灌水频率、灌溉定额和施氮量的最优组合模式,为膜下滴灌棉花的水氮管理提供科学合理的灌溉技术依据.试验设置3个灌水频率:7 d(D1),10 d(D2),13 d(D3),2个灌溉定额:4400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),3300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)和2个施氮水平:300 kg/hm^(2)(F1),225 kg/hm^(2)(F2),共12个处理,每个处理3次重复.结果表明:D1的株高较D2,D3分别降低2.90%和7.96%;叶面积指数与灌水频率呈正相关,D1的叶面积指数较D2,D3分别提高1.96%和7.28%;蕾铃生物量和地上部生物量之比随灌水频率的增加而增加;D1的产量较D2和D3分别增加3.84%和11.76%;W1的产量较W2增加5.56%;F1的产量较F2增加13.49%;D1的水分利用效率WUE较D2和D3分别增加2.75%和9.80%;W2的WUE较W1增加22.71%;F1的WUE较F2增加11.37%.说明D1水平避免棉花过度生长,提高棉花群体发展,增强群体光合作用和物质生产能力,确保地上部生物量的生殖生长,并且随着灌溉定额和施氮量的增加,棉花株高、叶面积指数和地上部生物量也显著增加,从而提高棉花产量.此外,高频减水能够保持根层水分的适宜程度,满足棉花水分需求,高氮能够满足棉花生长的需氮量,减少水分蒸发损失,提高水分利用效率.所以,综合考虑棉花产量和水分利用效率,得出灌水频率7 d,灌溉定额3300 m^(3)/hm^(2),施氮量300 kg/hm^(2)为较优管理模式.The effects of irrigation frequency,irrigation amount,as well as nitrogen application rate on the growth,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of cotton under mulched drip irrigation were stu-died.The optimal mode of irrigation and its frequency,as well as nitrogen application were explored to provide the scientific basis for water and nitrogen management of cotton under mulched drip irrigation.The experiment was conducted in three irrigation time intervals of 7 days(D1),10 days(D2)and 13 days(D3).Two irrigation quotas of 4400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1)and 3300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),as well as two nitrogen application levels of 300 kg/hm^(2)(F1)and 225 kg/hm^(2)(F2)were set in the experiment.Each treatment was repeated 3 times and a total of 12 treatments were conducted.The results show that the plant height of D1 is 2.90%and 7.96%lower than that of D2 and D3,respectively.The leaf area index positively correlates with the irrigation frequency,the leaf area index of D1 is 1.96%and 7.28%higher than that of D2 and D3,respectively.The ratio of bud and boll biomass to above-ground biomass increases with the increase of irrigation frequency.The yield of D1 increases by 3.84%and 11.76%compared with D2 and D3,respectively.The yield of W1 increases by 5.56%compared with W2,and the yield of F1 increases by 13.49%compared with F2.The WUE of D1 is 2.75%and 9.80%higher than that of D2 and D3,respectively,and the WUE of W2 is 22.71%higher than that of W1.The WUE of F1 is 11.37%higher than that of F2.These results indicate that D1 level avoids excessive growth of cotton,improves the development of the cotton population,enhances the photosynthesis and material production capacity of the population,ensures the reproductive growth of above-ground biomass,as well as increases irrigation quota and nitrogen application.The plant height,leaf area index,and above-ground biomass of cotton also increase significantly,thus increasing the cotton yield.In addition,high-frequency water reduction can maintain the appropriate degree of root water and meet the w

关 键 词：棉花 膜下滴灌 灌水频率 水氮配施制度 北疆 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]