机器功能主义与数智鸿沟:演化路径、生成逻辑与规制策略  

Machine Functionalism and the Digital-Intelligence Divide:Evolutionary Pathways,Generative Logic and Regulatory Strategies

作　　者：周鑫 ZHOU Xin(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,南京211100

出　　处：《农业图书情报学报》2024年第3期59-71,共13页Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费社科成果培育项目“数字平台治理的社会学参与研究”(B230207018)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]对数智鸿沟产生的社会哲学根源机器功能主义展开分析,有利于揭示数智鸿沟的理论根源,呈现数智鸿沟生成路径,从而有针对性提出弥合措施。[方法/过程]基于机器功能主义理论视角,分析了数智鸿沟的演化路径,并剖析了数智鸿沟的生成机制与多重风险,提出了干预措施。[结果/结论]研究发现,机器功能主义主张将图灵机的原理应用于心智的解释之中,认为心灵本质上是一台物理层面上实现的图灵机,成为人工智能技术产生的社会哲学根源。机器功能主义虽然打破了传统上对心智的生物本质主义看法,但是又通过心智机化、设计者偏见与算法偏好、技术专化与进入壁垒3条路径,造成人工智能技术的使用不平等,进而生成了数智鸿沟,同时带来新的风险,如使信息获取不平等演化为社会不平等,造成信息茧房与公共对话的减弱,因而有必要对其进行干预。未来可通过价值敏感设计促进机器与人文的良性互动,开发伦理算法破除设计者偏见与算法偏好,提升数智能力打破技术专化的进入壁垒,来弥合机器功能主义下的数智鸿沟,促进技术使用不平等的边界消融。[Purpose/Significance]This study aims to critically analyze the social philosophical roots of the digital intelligence divide from the perspective of machine functionalism.By uncovering the theoretical origins and generation pathways of the digital intelligence divide,countermeasures can be proposed.The research contributes to understanding the divide's impact on society and provides insights for promoting inclusive development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology.The study fills a gap in the literature by linking machine functionalism to the digital intelligence divide and offers a novel perspective on addressing the unequal use of AI technology.The findings have significant implications for policymakers,technology developers,and researchers in the fields of AI ethics,digital inequality,and social philosophy.[Method/Process]Using the theoretical lens of machine functionalism,this study examines the evolutionary pathways,generation mechanisms,and multiple risks of the digital intelligence divide.It draws on relevant theories,such as the extended mind thesis and the theory of technological determinism,to analyze how machine functionalism influences the design and application of AI technology.The study also draws on empirical evidence from case studies and surveys to illustrate the manifestation of the digital intelligence divide in different contexts.By synthesizing theoretical and empirical insights,the research proposes interventions that address the divide at different levels,from the philosophical underpinnings to the practical implementation of AI technology.[Results/Conclusions]The study shows that machine functionalism,which applies Turing machine principles to explain the mind and views the mind as a physically realized Turing machine.It has become the social philosophical foundation of AI technology.While breaking with the traditional biological essentialist view of the mind,machine functionalism inadvertently creates inequitable uses of AI through three main pathways:the mechanization of the mind,des

关 键 词：机器功能主义 数智鸿沟 设计者偏见 算法偏好 信息不平等 信息行为 

分 类 号：G250.7[文化科学—图书馆学]