超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料抗氧化烧蚀性能研究进展  

Research Progress on Antioxidant Ablation Properties of Ultra-highTemperature Ceramic Modified Carbon/Carbon Composite

作　　者：孙丹羽 朱世步[1,2] 刘泰山 张强 马荣檄[1,2] SUN Danyu;ZHU Shibu;LIU Taishan;ZHANG Qiang;MA Rongxi(Xi an Aerospace Composites Research Institute,Xi an 710025,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Aerospace Composites,Xi an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航天复合材料研究所,西安710025 [2]陕西省航天复合材料重点实验室,西安710025

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第S01期104-114,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U20B2034,U23B2078);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2021KJXX-66)。

摘　　要：碳/碳(C/C)复合材料具有高强、轻质和耐温等优势,在航天领域取得广泛应用;但由于其抗氧化性能较差,难以满足高超声速飞行器长时飞行、大气层再入飞行和跨大气层飞行的服役环境。利用超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料(C/C-UHTC)可以显著提高C/C复合材料的抗氧化烧蚀性能,有望满足新一代飞行器长时间抗氧化、抗烧蚀及结构强度的要求。本文总结了C/C-UHTC复合材料烧蚀性能的常用测试方法,包括氧-乙炔烧蚀、等离子烧蚀、激光烧蚀和风洞烧蚀,简要介绍了各种烧蚀性能测试方法的特点。此外,对近年来Zr系和Hf系单组元、双组元和三组元C/C-UHTC复合材料的烧蚀性能及烧蚀机理进行详细阐述。The carbon/carbon(C/C)composites are widely used in the fi1eld of aerospace due to their low density,excellent mechanical strength at high temperature and superior thermal shock resistance.Nevertheless,due to their poor oxidation resistance,these materials encounter challenges in meeting the operational demands of extended flights,atmospheric re-entry missions,and transatmospheric flights for hypersonic aircraft.The implementation of ultra-high-temperature ceramics(UHTC)modified C/C composites has demonstrated a marked enhancement in their resistance to oxidation and ablation,offering promising potential to meet the requirements of next-generation aircraft,which necessitate prolonged resistance to oxidation,ablation resistance,and structural integrity.This paper provides an overview of commonly employed testing methods for evaluating the ablation performance of UHTC-modified C/C composites,including oxygen-acetylene ablation,plasma ablation,laser ablation,and wind tunnel ablation.Additionally,it briefly outlines the characteristics of various ablation performance testing methods.Furthermore,this paper offers a detailed exposition of the ablation performance and ablation mechanisms of single-component,dual-component,and ternary-component Zr-based and Hf-based UHTC-modified C/C composites in recent years.

关 键 词：超高温陶瓷 C/C复合材料 抗氧化烧蚀性能 测试方法 烧蚀机制 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]