睡虎地秦简《日书·诘》“幼蠪”“欦鬼”补说  

Supplementary Explanations of Youlong and Xingui in the Demonography of the Shuihudi Qin Dynasty Daybook Manuscripts

作　　者：范常喜 Fan Changxi

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台

出　　处：《出土文献》2024年第2期65-71,171,共8页Excavated Documents

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“战国文字诂林及数据库建设”(17ZDA300)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：睡虎地秦简《日书·诘》篇中“幼蠪”与“欦鬼”两个鬼怪名一直未得善解。“幼蠪”在胡家草场汉简《诘咎》篇中作“黝龙”,故知“幼蠪”当据“黝龙”读之。“黝龙”即被视作北方之神、水精的黑龙。由于北方之神多司冬、司水,若居于人之室中或内中,即使夏天可能也会导致寒冷异常。简文所云“夏大暑,室毋(无)故而寒,幼(黝)蠪(龙)处之”,应即这种情况。“欦鬼”之“欦”可读作“歆”,“欦(歆)鬼”即食气之鬼神,所以简文中将“人之六畜毋(无)故而皆死”的原因归之于“欦(歆)鬼之气入焉”。“歆”“欦”“贪”有同源关系,均有“贪羡”“爱欲”之义,所以“欦(歆)鬼”也可能即贪于饮食的“贪鬼”。The demon names Youlong幼蠪and Xingui欦鬼in the Demonography of the Shuihudi Qin Dynasty Daybook manuscripts have not been well explained.Youlong幼蠪in the Demonography of the Hujia caochang Han Dynasty bamboo manuscripts is written as Youlong黝龙,therefore Youlong幼蠪should be read accordingly.Youlong黝龙is the black dragon who is regarded as the God of the North and a water spirit.Because the God of the North controls winter and water,it may cause abnormal cold even in summer if it is present in someone s room or inside a person.This is probably what is referred to in the manuscript text“If in the heat of summer,the room is cold for no reason,then the Youlong resides there”夏大暑,室无故而寒,幼蠪处之.The xin欦of Xingui should be read as xin歆,and Xingui is a demon that consumes ones vital energy.This is why the manuscript attributes the phenomenon that“one s six animals die without cause”人之六畜无故而皆死to“the vital energy of the Xingui entering them”欦鬼之气入焉.The Xingui may also be a“greedy ghost”who is greedy for food since xin欦,xin歆,and tan贪are cognate and all have the meaning of“greed.”

关 键 词：睡虎地秦简 《日书》 诘 幼蠪 欦鬼 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K231[历史地理—历史学] H12[语言文字—汉语] H131