数尽其用:数据访问权的法理反思与功能定位  

Maximizing Data Use:Legal Reflection and Functional Positioning of the Data Access Rights

作　　者：丁凤玲 彭建 DING Fengling;PENG Jian(Law School,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期93-103,共11页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金青年项目“多元化数据流通中介的法律治理机制研究”(FJ2022C063);福建省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心福州大学研究基地重点项目“习近平法治思想融入数字福建建设的理论与实践研究”(23FZUJDB04)。

摘　　要：为促进机器生成数据的流通,欧盟《数据法案》提出数据访问权,《中共中央国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见》也规定了这一权利。该权利的原理是“谁贡献,谁有权”,但这一理论难以为第三方的访问需求提供依据,权利本身也有违背竞争公平的嫌疑。从利益衡量的角度来看,在社会利益最大化的标准下,用户和第三方均可在满足用户服务需求的范围内访问机器生成数据或数据集,同时应当遵守个人数据保护相关制度,这一利益逻辑比“谁贡献,谁有权”更契合数据访问权的制度本意。数据访问权的意义不限于访问,还能限制数据持有者权利、提供数据价值共享的权利依据以及为各参与方提供对话契机。在实现方式上,由于数据类型与访问场景众多,访问规则需要进行场景化设计,工业数据空间等技术架构可以作为实现手段。In order to facilitate the circulation of machine-generated data,the European Union's The Data Act(draft)proposed the right of users to access and use data,which is also stipulated in“Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on building a Data Basic System to better play the role of data elements”.The principle underlying this right is“who contributes,who has the right”,but this theory lacks a basis for accommodating the access needs of third parties,and the right itself also raises suspicions of undermining fair competition.From the perspective of balancing interests,under the standard of maximizing social interests,both users and third parties should have the right to access machine-generated data or data sets within the scope of meeting users service needs.At the same time,the relevant personal data protection system should be observed.This interest-based logic is more aligned with the original intention of the data access right than the“who contributes,who has the right”principle.The significance of the data access right extends beyond access itself;it also encompasses limiting the rights of data holders,providing a basis for value sharing of data,and creating opportunities for dialogue among all participants.In terms of implementation,due to the diversity of data types and access scenarios,access rules need to be scenario-designed,and technical architectures such as industrial data spaces can be used as a means of realization.

关 键 词：机器生成数据 数据访问权 数据来源者 数据持有者 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]