秸秆还田配施化肥下麦田土壤理化性质和酶活性的变化  

Changes of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity in wheat field under straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer

作　　者：刘东海[1] 毛庆华 邓辉 梅亮贤 罗杰 乔艳[1] 张智 胡诚[1] LIU Dong-hai;MAO Qing-hua;DENG Hui;MEI Liang-xian;LUO Jie;QIAO Yan;ZHANG Zhi;HU Cheng(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Guangshui Farmland Project Construction Center and Soil Fertilizer Workstation,Guangshui 432700,Hubei,China;Jingmen Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment,Jingmen 448000,Hubei,China;Huangmailing Chemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430061,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]广水市农田项目建设中心及土壤肥料工作站,湖北广水432700 [3]荆门市农业综合执法支队,湖北荆门448000 [4]湖北省黄麦岭化工研究院有限公司,武汉430061

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第5期12-16,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农田智慧施肥项目。

摘　　要：为了探明长期秸秆还田下配施化肥对麦田土壤酶活性的影响及其主要驱动因子,以持续4年的广水长期定位试验为依托,设置秸秆(S,用量为6000 kg/hm^(2),其他处理用量相同)、秸秆+施100%N(S100N,纯N用量为187.5 kg/hm^(2),其他施肥处理用量按此用量折算)、秸秆+施80%N(S80N)、秸秆+施60%N(S60N)、秸秆+施80%N+菌剂(S80Nm,秸秆腐熟菌剂用量为30 kg/hm^(2))、秸秆+施60%N+菌剂(S60Nm,菌剂用量同S80Nm)6个处理,测定了土壤酶活性、土壤理化性质及小麦产量。结果显示,与S相比,S100N和S80N小麦产量分别显著提高182.82%和179.55%(P<0.05);秸秆腐熟菌剂的添加对土壤理化性质和小麦产量的效果不显著。与S100N相比,S80N增加了土壤磷酸酶(Phos)、硫酸酯酶(Sul)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β-木糖苷酶(βX)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(αG)、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)的活性;冗余分析(RDA)显示秸秆还田条件下,土壤有机质和碱解氮的含量是土壤酶变化的主要影响因子。因此,从减肥增效角度来看,S80N是提升土壤质量较适宜的管理措施。In order to explore the effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and its main driving fac-tors in the wheat field under long-term straw returning,a four-year long-term positioning experiment in Guangshui was carried out.Six treatments were set up,including straw(S,the amount of 6000 kg/hm^(2),the same as other treatments),straw+100%N(S100N,187.5 kg/hm^(2) N,the amount of other fertilization treatments was converted according to this amount),straw+80%N(S80N),straw+60%N(S60N),straw+80%N+microbial inoculant(S80Nm,the amount of the straw decomposition microbial agent was 30 kg/hm^(2)),straw+60%N+microbial inoculant(S60Nm,the dosage of the microbial agent was the same as S80Nm).Soil enzyme activity,soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield were measured.The results showed that compared with S treatment,S100N and S80N significantly increased wheat yield by 182.82%and 179.55%(P<0.05),respectively.The addition of the straw decomposition microbial agent had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield.Compared with S100N treatment,S80N increased the activities of soil phosphatase(Phos),sulfatase(Sul),β-glucosidase(βG),β-xylosidase(βX),α-glucosidase(αG),acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP).Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that soil organic mat-ter and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main influencing factors of soil enzyme changes under the condition of straw returning.Therefore,from the point of view of reducing amount and increasing efficiency of fertilizer,S80N was a more suitable management measure to improve soil quality.

关 键 词：麦田 秸秆还田 化肥 土壤理化性质 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]