活性碳负载纳米金属氧化物对AP热分解的催化性能  

Catalytic Performance of Porous Carbon-Loaded Nano Metal Oxides for AP Thermal Decomposition

作　　者：石小兵[1] 谢五喜[1] 李洋[1] 黄海涛[1] 胥会祥[1] 李勇宏[1] 曾丽媛 庞维强[1] SHI Xiao-bing;XIE Wu-xi;LI Yang;HUANG Hai-tao;XU Hui-xiang;LI Yong-hong;ZENG Li-yuan;PANG Wei-qiang(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第5期475-484,I0006,共11页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

摘　　要：采用水热法制备了两种纳米金属氧化物(纳米CuO和纳米Fe_(2)O_(3)颗粒),将纳米CuO和纳米Fe_(2)O_(3)负载在活性碳上,制备成CuO@C、Fe_(2)O_(3)@C复合材料,并将其作为催化剂与高氯酸铵(AP)混合制备成混合物样品AP/CuO、AP/CuO@C、AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)、AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重-微分热重分析(TG-DTG)和热重-红外光谱(TG-FTIR)联用等技术研究了4种催化剂对AP热分解的催化机理及分解动力学特性。结果表明,4种催化剂均将AP的两步分解反应催化为单放热峰,在5 K/min升温速率下,AP的分解峰温较纯AP分别提前90.1、73.4、65.4和69℃;AP/CuO@C分解主要气相产物有HCl、CO_(2)、N_(2)O、HNO_(3)和NO_(2),其中NO_(2)含量最高;AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C分解主要气相产物中CO_(2)含量显著提升,NO_(2)含量稍有降低。Two types of nano-sized metal oxides(nano CuO and nano Fe_(2)O_(3))were prepared by hydrothermal method,the activated carbon was loaded onto the prepared nano CuO,nano Fe_(2)O_(3)to obtain CuO@C and Fe_(2)O_(3)@C composites,and the prepared four types of catalysts were mixed with ammonium perchlorate(AP)to form mixture samples AP/CuO,AP/CuO@C,AP/Fe_(2)O_(3),AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C.The catalytic mechanism and thermal decomposition kinetics characteristics of four types of catalysts for AP thermal decomposition were carried out through scanning electron microscope(SEM),differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric(TG-DTG),and thermogravimetric-infrared spectrum(TG-FTIR)techniques respectively.The results show that the four catalysts catalyze two-step thermal decomposition reaction of AP into a single exothermic peak.At a heating rate of 5 K/min,the thermal decomposition peak temperatures of AP were forwarded by 90.1,73.4,65.4,and 69℃than those of pure AP,respectively.The main gas phase thermal decomposition products include HCl,CO_(2),N_(2)O,HNO_(3),and NO_(2)in AP/CuO@C with the highest content of NO_(2).The CO_(2)content in the main gas phase thermal decomposition products increases significantly,while the NO_(2)content slightly decreases in AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C.

关 键 词：物理化学 水热法 催化性能 AP 分解动力学 气相产物 金属氧化物 活性炭 燃烧催化剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O642[理学—物理化学]