中国荷斯坦牛健康性状遗传参数估计  

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Health Traits in Chinese Holstein

作　　者：赵孝凤 郭刚 曹杰[3] 王雅春[1] 张毅[1] ZHAO Xiaofeng;GUO Gang;CAO Jie;WANG Yachun;ZHANG Yi(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Shounong Livestock Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100176,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京100176 [3]中国农业大学动物医学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第6期2501-2507,共7页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项(2019NYYZ05)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于中国荷斯坦牛牧场实际数据,通过遗传分析得到5种常见疾病的遗传参数,为制定包含健康性状的奶牛育种方案提供科学依据,促进中国牛群健康水平遗传改良。【方法】基于全国30个奶牛场2019―2022年95 710头牛的230 826条产犊记录和121 811头牛的333 038条疾病记录,经过质控后整合形成表型数据集,根据每个个体每胎次内是否发生疾病定义其表型为0(健康)或1(发病);针对乳房炎(mastitis, MAST)、临床性酮病(ketosis, KET)、胎衣不下(retained placenta, RETP)、子宫炎(metritis, MET)和真胃变位(displaced abomasum, DA)性状,采用单性状重复力模型估计各性状方差组分,计算遗传力和重复力,用双性状重复力模型估计性状间的表型相关和遗传相关,模型中包含场年、胎次、产犊季节固定效应。通过卡方检验对比公牛估计育种值(estimated breeding value, EBV)排名前20位和后20位公牛后代的发病率,探究了对健康性状进行选择的效果。【结果】MAST、KET、RETP、MET、DA性状的遗传力分别为0.063±0.005、0.051±0.005、0.015±0.002、0.033±0.003和0.020±0.002,均为低遗传力性状;性状间的遗传相关在―0.110~0.684之间,其中KET和DA、MET和RETP之间表现出较强正相关,遗传相关达到0.648和0.402。针对所有性状,EBV排名前20位公牛的后代平均发病率均极显著低于排名后20位的公牛后代(P<0.01),其发病率差异为2.2~7.4倍。【结论】本研究中5种健康性状均为低遗传力性状,但健康性状具有选育价值,在奶牛育种中应兼顾对健康性状的遗传改良,实现平衡育种目标。【Objective】The objective of this study was to perform a genetic analysis using farm production data to determine the genetic parameters of five common diseases in Chinese Holstein.The findings would guide the formulation of dairy cattle breeding strategies that incorporate health traits,thereby facilitating an enhancement in the health status of the dairy cattle population in China.【Method】Quality control was performed on 230826 calving records from 95710 cows and 333038 disease records from 121811 cows,collected from 30 national dairy farms during the period of 2019 to 2022.These records were then matched and compiled into a phenotypic dataset.The phenotype for each individual cow in each calving event was defined based on the presence or absence of disease,with 0 representing healthy and 1 representing diseased.The diseases considered were mastitis(MAST),clinical ketosis(KET),retained placenta(RETP),metritis(MET),and displaced abomasum(DA).A single-trait repeatability model was used to estimate the variance components for each trait,followed by the calculation of heritability and repeatability.A two-trait repeatability model was employed to estimate the phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation between traits.Both models incorporated fixed effects for farm-year,parity,and calving season.The effect of selection on health traits was investigated by comparing the disease incidence in the offspring of bulls ranked in the top 20 and bottom 20 for estimated breeding values(EBV).This comparison was performed using a chi-square test.【Result】The results showed that the heritability for the traits MAST,KET,RETP,MET,and DA was estimated to be 0.063±0.005,0.051±0.005,0.015±0.002,0.033±0.003,and 0.020±0.002,respectively,all of which were characterized as traits with low heritability.Genetic correlations among these traits varied from―0.110 to 0.684,with notably strong positive correlations observed between KET and DA as well as MET and RETP.For all traits,the average incidence rate of the offspring o

关 键 词：奶牛 遗传参数 健康性状 平衡育种 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]