家畜卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻损伤研究进展  

Research Progress on Vitrification Injury of Oocytes in Livestock

作　　者：莫显红 李俊杰[3] 郭成 温诏禹 邹宇柱 赵文博 徐振军 MO Xianhong;LI Junjie;GUO Cheng;WEN Zhaoyu;ZOU Yuzhu;ZHAO Wenbo;XU Zhenjun(College of Chemistry and Life Science,Chifeng University,Chifeng 024000,China;Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal,Hohhot 011517,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]赤峰学院化学与生命科学学院,赤峰024000 [2]内蒙古赛科星家畜种业与繁育生物技术研究院,呼和浩特011517 [3]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第6期2524-2532,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题“北方珍惜濒危牛羊种质资源抢救性保护研究”(2021YFD1200401);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2022LHMS03010);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY22130);赤峰学院一流学科建设项目(CFXYYLXKB202102)。

摘　　要：卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存对加快优良品种繁育、提高畜牧生产效率、维持物种多样性、拯救濒危动物具有重要意义。目前玻璃化冷冻技术已广泛应用于猪、牛、羊等家畜卵母细胞的冷冻保存。然而,相较新鲜卵母细胞,冷冻-解冻后卵母细胞的成熟率、受精率、卵裂率及囊胚发育率仍然偏低,这显著影响卵母细胞冷冻保存的实际应用。冷冻损伤是制约卵母细胞保存效率与质量的关键。玻璃化冷冻引起卵母细胞透明带破裂、膜脂相变、DNA损伤、染色体异常及胞质内皮质颗粒分布异常、内质网和线粒体结构功能受损、纺锤体形态异常等结构损伤,以及引起细胞氧化应激和钙稳态失衡等生理状态紊乱,导致细胞发育能力降低。因此,认识冷冻损伤产生的原因及其损伤机制,有助于进一步提高卵母细胞冷冻保存效率,促进卵母细胞冷冻技术的提升。作者综述了家畜卵母细胞冷冻损伤类型,分析了冷冻损伤原因,针对不同类型的冷冻损伤提出了改善方法,并对其研究前景进行展望,旨在为提高卵母细胞冷冻保存效率和质量提供参考。Vitrification cryopreservation of oocytes is crucial for accelerating the livestock breeding,increasing the production efficiency,maintaining the species diversity,and rescuing endangered species.At present,the vitrification technique has been widely used in the oocyte cryopreservation of various domestic animals including pig,cow,and sheep.Nevertheless,compared with fresh oocytes,the competence of maturation,fertilization,cleavage,and blastocyst formation from vitrified oocytes was still greatly compromised.It dramatically discourages the practical application of oocyte cryopreservation.The freezing injury is the key factor determining the efficiency and quality of oocyte cryopreservation.It includes broken zona pellucida,membrane lipid phase transition,DNA damage,chromosomal abnormalities,aberrant distribution of cortical particles,impaired structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria,and abnormal spindle morphology.Furthermore,vitrification could cause the disorders of cell physiological state,such as oxidative stress and calcium dyshomeostasis,which are related with the compromised oocyte development.To further increase the effectiveness of oocyte vitrification and facilitate the improvement of cryopreservation technology,it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms of freezing injury.The author reviews the types,origins,and repair strategies of various freezing injuries to provide reference for improving the efficiency and quality of oocyte vitrification.

关 键 词：卵母细胞 玻璃化冷冻损伤 发育能力 家畜 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]