2019—2021年包头市中小学生视力低下、龋齿、超重和肥胖现况分析  

Analysis of the current situation of poor eyesight,dental caries,overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Baotou City from 2019 to 2021

作　　者：王燕[1] 侯瑞丽[2] 孙沁园 金艳辉[1] 梁桃源 杨玉荣[1] WANG Yan;HOU Ruili;SUN Qinyuan;JIN Yanhui;LIANG Taoyuan;YANG Yurong(Baotou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baotou 014000,Inner Mongolia,China;School of Public Health of Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]包头市疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古包头014000 [2]包头医学院公共卫生学院,内蒙古包头014000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第5期555-561,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的了解2019—2021年包头市中小学生视力低下、超重与肥胖、龋齿等几种学生常见病的患病情况及其趋势,为中小学生常见病的科学防控提供参考依据和针对性干预措施。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取2019—2021年包头市部分中小学校全体年级部分班级全体学生进行体格检查,体格检查的项目包括视力、身高、体重、牙齿。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行分析。以频数(患病率)[n(%)]描述数据,采用χ^(2)检验、秩和检验进行不同组间比较,采用趋势卡方检验分析2019—2021年视力低下率、超重率、肥胖率及龋患率的线性趋势。检验水准α=0.05。结果2019—2021年包头市中小学生视力低下率分别为71.59%、70.74%、68.18%,不同性别、学龄段、学校所在地的视力低下率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。学生超重率、肥胖率分别为16.67%、16.77%、18.43%和15.27%、16.98%、19.25%,不同性别、学龄段的超重率、肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。学生龋患率分别为49.45%、47.15%和44.51%,不同性别、学龄段、学校所在地的龋患率差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经趋势卡方检验得出,各项学生常见病之间是具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论包头市2019—2021年中小学生视力低下、龋患率呈逐年下降趋势,超重、肥胖率呈逐年上升趋势。视力低下、龋齿的患病可能与性别、学龄段和学校所在地有关,超重、肥胖的患病可能与性别、学龄段有关。objective To understand the prevalence and trend of several common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Baotou City from 2019 to 2021,such as poor eyesight,overweight and obesity,dental caries and so on.And to provide reference basis and targeted intervention measures for scientific prevention and control of common diseases of primary and secondary school students.Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used,all students of all grades and some classes in some primary and secondary schools in Baotou City were selected for physical examination.The items of physical examination included vision,height,weight and teeth.Spss 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.The data were described by frequency(prevalence)[n(%)],the rank sum test and chi square test were used forcomparison between different groups,and the trend chi-square was used to analyze the linear trend of poor eyesight rate,overweight rate,obesity rate and dental caries rate from 2019 to 2021.Inspection levelα=0.05.Results From 2019 to 2021,the poor eyesight rate of primary and secondary school students in Baotou City was 71.59%,70.74%and 68.18%,respectively,and the differences of the poor eyesight rate in different gender,school age and school location were statistically significant(P<0.05).The overweight rate and obesity rate of students were 16.67%,16.77%,18.43%and 15.27%,16.98%and 19.25%,respectively.The differences of the overweight rate and obesity rate in different genders and school-age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The dental caries rates of students were 49.45%,47.15%and 44.51%,respectively.The differences of the dental caries rates among different genders,school age groups and school locations were statistically significant(P<0.05).The trend chi-square test showed that the differences of common diseases of students were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions From 2019 to 2021,the rate of poor eyesight and caries among primary and secondary school students showed a downward tr

关 键 词：包头市 中小学生 视力低下 肥胖 超重 龋齿 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]